1. Thursday Agenda You need: Order of class: DNA scientist worksheet
Questions from Tuesday
Page 434 #1-19
This will be a homework grade
Your DNA poster/handout if your group is presenting today
Order of class:
Finish DNA presentations
Fill out remaining portion of DNA worksheet
Discuss questions from yesterday’s class

2. DNA Vocabulary- Quiz Monday
Transformation
Bacteriophage
Base pairing
Replication
DNA polymerase
Telomeres
Nucleotide
Chromatin
Histones

3. Blue Book
Yellow Book
Griffith
Avery
Hershey-Chase
Structure of DNA
Chargaff
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and Crick
DNA and chromosomes
Chromosome structure
DNA replication
Griffith
Avery
Hershey-Chase
The Role of DNA
Components of DNA
Chargaff
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and Crick
Double-Helix Model
Copying the code
Telomeres
Replication

4. 1. Griffith and Transformation
Diseasing-causing strain = smooth colonies Harmless strain = rough colonies Disease-causing strain…mouse DIED Harmless strain…mouse LIVED Heat-killed disease-causing strain…mouse LIVED Heat-killed disease-causing strain + harmless strain…mouse DIED Transformation- one strain of bacteria (the harmless strain) had been changed permanently into another strain (the disease-causing strain).

5. 2. Avery and DNA
(Griffith’s 4th experiment + ENZYMES) Heat-killed disease-causing strain + enzymes that destroyed proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and RNA…added to harmless strain…transformation still occurred…mouse DIED Heat-killed disease-causing strain + enzymes that would break down DNA…added to harmless strain…transformation did NOT occur…mouse LIVED Conclusion: The nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next.

6. 3. Hershey-Chase
Bacteriophage- a virus that infects bacteria Viruses are NON-LIVING and made of a protein coat and a DNA or RNA core. Radioactive Markers: Because DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur… Phosphorus-32 to detect presence of DNA Sulfur-35 to detect presence of protein Conclusion: The genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3. Hershey-Chase
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

8. 4. Chargaff’s Rules
The percentages of guanine [G] and cytosine [C] bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA. The percentages of adenine [A] and thymine [T] bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA. [G] = [C] [A] = [T]

9. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
5. Rosalind Franklin
X-ray diffraction Purified a large amount of the DNA molecule Stretched the DNA fibers in a thin glass tube so that most of the strands were parallel Aimed a powerful X-ray beam at the concentrated DNA samples Recorded the scattering pattern of the X-rays on film Conclusions: -2 STRANDS -STRANDS ARE TWISTED AROUND EACH OTHER
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. 6. Watson and Crick
Built 3-dimensional models of DNA made of cardboard and wire Using clues from Franklin’s remarkable X-ray pattern… Watson and Crick’s model of DNA was a double helix, in which two strands were wound around each other.

11. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
6. Watson and Crick
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

12. Structure of DNA
Monomer of DNA = the nucleotide Nucleotide has 3 parts: carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G) Nitrogenous bases: PYrimidines = cYtosine (C) and thYmine (T) Purines = adenine (A) and guanine (G)

13. Structure of DNA
Nitrogenous bases are held together by hydrogen bonds = base pairing. [A] always bonds with [T] [C] always bonds with [G] The sugar-phosphate backbone is held together by covalent bonds.