1. Chapter 17
The Gilded Age: Building a Technological and Industrial Giant and a New Social Order
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3. Technology Changes the Nation
cars; – 5 million
Made possible by Henry Ford and the assembly line
River Rouge plant, every 10 seconds
$25,000 / day in the 1920s
Americans owned 30 million cars, 20 million were Model Ts
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4. Vertical vs. Horizontal Integration
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5. Jay Cooke First Investment Banker Financed the Civil War for the Union
Financed the North Pacific Railroad, which defaulted for various reasons.
The failure to meet obligations caused the Panic of 1873.
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6. Cornelius Vanderbilt Shipping and Railroad Magnate.
Kept lines open by sea between New York and New Orleans throughout civil war.
Owned more than a dozen railroads.
One of the richest people of all time.
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7. New Industries: Rockefeller’s Oil, Carnegie’s Steel, and Morgan’s Banking
Rockefeller’s Standard Oil gained almost complete control of the oil industry
Andrew Carnegie began buying up steel companies and formed Carnegie Steel Co.
J. P. Morgan - Investment banker, purchased railroads and Carnegie’s steel company
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8. The Nation’s Industrial Heartland
MAP 17-1, The Nation’s Industrial Heartland
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9. Lives of the Middle Class In the Gilded Age
During the Gilded Age, what came to be known as middle-class values emerged in the United States
Many Americans achieved a level of comfort and social respectability that had never been experienced before
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10. Middle-Class Life and Expectations
Celebrate holidays
Design their own homes
New buildings and parks
Urban planners
Begin to move to the suburbs
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11. Gilded Age Religion
White and Protestant (tripled to 15 million )
YMCA
Preachers act like businessmen – not fire and brimstone, simple message.
Popular hymns – singing at church and at home around the piano.
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12. Electoral Politics
Republicans party of industrialists and Protestants outside the South.
“Stalwarts” - keep things the same (descendants of radical republicans)
“Half-breeds” - wanted change, reform
“Mugwumps” - liberal reformers focused on honest government, supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in 1884.
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13. Global Connections
American influence around the world grew dramatically during the Gilded Age.
Americans had been sending missionaries to foreign countries since the early 1800s, but far greater numbers went abroad in the 1880s and 1890.
U.S. trade with foreign countries grew as commercial interests followed missionaries.
The United States had long been interested in Cuba…
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14. Immigration
In the 75 years between 1815 and 1890, 15 million people immigrated to the U.S.
In the next 25 years, from 1890 until the start of World War I in 1914, 15 million additional immigrants came to the United States.
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15. Immigration to the United States
MAP 17-2, Immigration to the United States
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16. The Push From Around the World
“New Immigration” to 1920
Southern & Eastern Europe
30 Million Immigrants
Orthodox, Catholics, & Jews (Pogroms)
Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Polish, Russian, Greek, & Romanian (Poverty, Famine, Political Instability)
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) - lasted until 1943
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17. The Pull from an Industrializing United States
Why? Lured to America by Industrial Revolution and land
Jobs
Opportunities
Advertising
Start a “new life”
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19. The Reality—Jobs, Cities, and Americanization
Ellis Island - Anglicizing Names
“Strange” cultures, customs, & languages
Settled in cities
Heavily illiterate
Came from countries with little democracy
Could they be assimilated?
Foreign language newspapers, churches, and schools
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20. The Glided Age?
“Gilded” means to be covered in a shiny, gold covering.
For the Gilded Age, this seems accurate.
A handful of Americans became incredibly wealthy.
A middle class arose.
Wealth led to the creation of social safety nets.
The vast majority were poor with no way out.
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