1. January 11, 2018 Objective: Journal:
Describe the process of protein synthesis
Explain how a disruption in the sequence can cause a change in appearance
Journal:
List two reasons why cells divide.

2. RNA and Protein Synthesis

3. RNA Full Name: Ribonucleic Acid Structure: Helix
Number of Strands: One

4. Ribose
The sugar in RNA (Deoxyribose = DNA)
Contains four –OH groups

5. Nitrogen Bases in RNA Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Uracil (U)
**There is no thymine in RNA, instead adenine pairs with uracil.

6. Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Copies code from DNA and brings it to the ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Brings amino acids to ribosome to assemble into protein

7. Protein Synthesis
The making of protein

8. Transcription RNA polymerase “unzips” DNA at a gene
mRNA is built by pairing A-U and C-G
When gene ends, mRNA breaks away from DNA and DNA zips back up
ashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf

9. After transcription…
mRNA leaves the nucleus and heads out into the cytoplasm

10. Starting Translation
A ribosome then binds to the mRNA at a 3- letter start signal called a start codon
Start codon = AUG = Methionine (MET)
Codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that are read together

11. Translation Continued…
Then tRNA comes over
tRNA carries an amino acid on one end and an anti-codon on the other end
mRNA bases will be read in groups of 3 called codons by the tRNA

12. Translation Continued…
tRNA brings over the corresponding amino acid based on the mRNA sequence
Each codon codes for 1 amino acid
As the next codon is read, the next amino acid is brought over by another tRNA

13. Amino Acids bond together forming a protein
Process repeats until ribosome reaches a stop codon
Protein is released