1. How deep can we go?
Part 2

2. Let’s review…

3. The deep ocean zone (BENTHIC zone) is the LARGEST sized ocean ____________ by far! Because of crushing pressure, darkness, and its huge size, most of it is unexplored!

4. The deep ocean zone (BENTHIC zone) is the LARGEST sized ocean ECOSYSTEM by far! Because of crushing pressure, darkness, and its huge size, most of it is unexplored!

5. A greatest ________ of life exists in the ABYSS!
html

6. A greatest VARIETY of life exists in the ABYSS!
html

7. A greatest VARIETY of life exists in the ABYSS!
html

8. The greatest variety of life exists in the ABYSS!
html

9. Still, the ___________ coast & especially the ___________ continental shelf have lots of ocean life!
Especially during _____________! LOTS of GOOEY EDIBLE MUCK…mmmmmm

10. Still, the INTERTIDAL coast & especially the NERITIC continental shelf have lots of ocean life!
Especially during UPWELLING! LOTS of GOOEY EDIBLE MUCK…mmmmmm

11. The intertidal and neritic zones have lots of life because
of the _ _ _ ! The _ _ _ kicks off ______________!

12. The intertidal and neritic zones have lots of life because
of the SUN! The sun kicks off PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

13. The INTERTIDAL and NERITIC zones still have plenty of life of their own because
of the SUN! The sun kicks off PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

14. With PHOTOSYNTHESIS, most producers (kelp, phytoplankton like _____) can make their OWN _____ food!

15. With PHOTOSYNTHESIS, most producers (kelp, phytoplankton like algae) can make their OWN sugar food!

16. Sometimes _____ can run AMOK
Sometimes _____ can run AMOK! Usually because of run-off fertilizers from land _____.

17. Sometimes algae can run AMOK
Sometimes algae can run AMOK! Usually because of run-off fertilizers from land farms.
eeeeeEUTROPHICATION

18. Sometimes algae can run AMOK
Sometimes algae can run AMOK! Usually because of run-off fertilizers from land farms.
eeeeeEUTROPHICATION

19. But there is no _____ in the deep zone (aka benthic zone).

20. But there is NO SUN in the deep zone (aka BENTHIC).

21. WHAT IS THE energy source OF BENTHIC FOOD WEBS?
Without the SUN,
WHAT IS THE energy source OF BENTHIC FOOD WEBS?

22. Got any ideas?
It can’t get it’s energy from the sun!

23. How does life start in the ABYSS?
CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy)
Chemosynthetic-Bacteria

24. How does life start in the ABYSS?
CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy)
HYDROTHERMAL VENTS spew H2S for CHEMOSYNTHESIS!

25. How does life start in the ABYSS?
CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy)
HYDROTHERMAL VENTS spew H2S for CHEMOSYNTHESIS!

26. PHOTOSYNTHESIS…

27. DROTHERMAL VENTS spew all sorts of gases for things to live on!
Chemosynthetic bacteria use inorganic molecules as a source of energy including ____________ (NH3) , ___________(S) and __________ ____________ ( H2S ).
Like their sun-loving photosynthesizers, chemosynthesizers are _____________ because they produce their own food.
____________ ________are located very deep into the ocean where sunlight is unable to penetrate; therefore, the organisms that live at ____________ ______ obtain their energy from the __________ ejected out from the ocean crust.
Since the energy from the ____ cannot be used at such depths, the _______ ________ absorbs ___________ _________ (H2S) from the vent and provides it to the bacteria. So, these two living things have a ___________ MUTUALISTIC relationship.

28. DROTHERMAL VENTS spew all sorts of gases for things to live on!
Chemosynthetic bacteria use inorganic molecules as a source of energy including AMMONIA (NH3) , SULFUR (S) and HYDROGEN SULFIDE ( H2S ).
Like their sun-loving photosynthesizers, chemosynthesizers are PRODUCERS because they produce their own food.
HYDROTHERMAL VENTS are located very deep into the ocean where sunlight is unable to penetrate; therefore, the organisms that live at HYDROTHERMAL VENTS obtain their energy from the CHEMICALS ejected out from the ocean crust.
Since the energy from the SUN cannot be used at such depths, the TUBE WORMS absorb HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) from the vent and provides it to the bacteria. So, these two living things have a SYMBIOTIC MUTUALISITIC relationship because they help each other

29. Compare….

30. Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Uses SUN for ENERGY!
Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY
Absorbs CO2

31. Compare….

32. Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Uses SUN for ENERGY!
Produces oxygen (O2) for us to breathe
Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY
Produces sulfuric acid, not oxygen
Absorbs CO2
Living things produce
own food (sugars/
carbs) to live on

33. Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Uses SUN for ENERGY!
Produces oxygen (O2) for us to breathe
Phytoplankton & plants & trees
Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY
Produces sulfuric acid, not oxygen
Some bacteria & tube worms
Absorbs CO2
Living things produce
own food (sugars/
carbs) to live on
Producers at the
base of a food web

34. Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS
Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY
Produces sulfuric acid, not oxygen
Some bacteria & tube worms
Found around HYDROTHERMAL VENTS at bottom
Uses SUN for ENERGY!
Produces oxygen (O2) for us to breathe
Phytoplankton & plants & trees
Absorbs CO2
Living things produce
own food (sugars/
carbs) to live on
Producers at the
base of a food web

35. end

36. Life exists even in the ABYSS!
HOW?
CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy)
hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane seeps;
chemosynthetic organisms;
dead stuff.

37. PRESS RELEASE Date Released: Tuesday, July 29, Source: Pennsylvania State University Methane Ice Worms Hesiocaeca methanicola (larger view) A team of university scientists using a mini research submarine on a NOAA-funded research cruise has discovered, photographed, and sampled what appears to be a new species of centipede-like worms living on and within mounds of methane ice on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico, about 150 miles south of New Orleans. Although scientists had hypothesized that bacteria might colonize methane ice mounds, called gas hydrates, this is the first time animals have been found living in the mounds. The discovery of dense colonies of these one-to-two-inch-long, flat, pinkish worms burrowing into a mushroom-shaped mound of methane seeping up from the sea floor raises speculation that the worms may be a new species with a pervasive and as yet unknown influence on these energy-rich gas deposits.

38. chemosynthesis vs. photosynthesis