1. Advanced Air Pollution Engineering
Sampling

2. WHY TO SAMPLE THE AIR? TO KNOW: WHICH SUBSTANCE IS THE WORKER EXPOSED?
HOW MUCH SUBSTANCE IS THE WORKER EXPOSED?
WHEN DOES THE EXPOSURE HAPPEN?
FORMS THE BASIS FOR PREVENTION MEASURES

3. HOW TO SMAPLE? SAMPLING STRATEGY WHAT TO SAMPLE? WHEN TO SAMPLE?
HOW OFTEN TO SAMPLE?

4. HOW TO SAMPLE? BASIC STEPS OF SAMPLING STRATEGY
DETERMINATION OF FACTORS AT THE WORK PLACE
ESTIMATION OF LEVELS OF EXPOSURE
How much a substance used or formed?
How frequent the subsatance is used or formed?
How long the workers use it or make it form?

5. HOW TO SAMPLE? BASIC STEPS OF SAMPLING STRATEGY
MAKE A LIST OF POSSİBLE EXPOSURES
PUT THE MOST POSSIBLLE AND/OR MOST DANGEROUS EXPOSURES FIRST IN THE LIST

6. HOW TO SAMPLE? MORE POINTS TO CONSIDER WHILE FORMING THE LIST
BASIC STEPS OF SAMPLING STRATEGY
MORE POINTS TO CONSIDER WHILE
FORMING THE LIST
THE DUTIES IN THE WORK
WORK FORMAT AND TECHNIQUES
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE WORK PLACE
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND OPERATIONS

7. HOW TO SAMPLE? MORE POINTS TO CONSIDER WHILE FORMING THE LIST
BASIC STEPS OF SAMPLING STRATEGY
MORE POINTS TO CONSIDER WHILE
FORMING THE LIST
AIR CONDITIONING AND OTHER ENGINEERING CONTROLS
EMISSION SOURCES
EXPOSURE DURATIONS
WORKLOAD

8. HOW TO SAMPLE?
REMARK 1
PERSONAL SAMPLING: NUMBER OF SAMPLES
DETERMINE GROUPS ACCORDING TO EXPOSURE TYPES.(EX.: WELDERS, PAINTERS, TRANSPORT VEHILCE DRIVERS ETC.)
CONSIDER THE HOMOGENITY OF GROUPS WITHIN THEIRSELVES
IF HOMOGEN GROUPS: 1 SAMPLE FROM EVERY 10 WORKERS
IF NON-HOMOGEN: INCREASE THE NUMBER OF SAMPLES

9. HOW TO SAMPLE? REMARK 2 STATIONARY SAMPLING: USE IT IF
A WORKING ROOM IS VISITED OCCASIONALY (BATTERY CHARGE ROOM)
A LOT OF WORKERS ENTER OR LEAVE THE WORKING ROOM IN WHICH A HIGH RANKED SUBSTANCE IN YOUR LIST EXSITS IN THE AIR (MANUAL LOADING OR DISLOADING OF A TRUCK)

10. HOW TO SAMPLE? REMARK 3 DO THE SAMPLING AS MUCH AS ALLOWS
TECHNICAL MEANS
COST
TIME
ALLOWS
STARTING FROM THE BEGINING OF YOUR LIST

11. HOW LONG TO SAMPLE?
THE TECHNICAL MEANS DICTAES THE DURATION OF A SINGLE AIR SAMPLE SUCH AS:
CAPACITY OF FILTERS OR SORBENT TUBES
CAPACITY OF PUMPS
THE LIMITATIONS GIVEN IN THE STANDARD METHODS USED
BUT!!!!

12. HOW LONG TO SAMPLE?
Sampling Time Number of Min Samples For Each Shift
10 seconds
1 minute
5 minutes
15 minutes 4
30 minutes 3
1 hour
≥ 2 hours
IN ORDER TO REPRESENT AN 8 HOUR SHIFT

13. HOW LONG TO SAMPLE?
IF THE WORKER DOES SEVERAL JOBS OR HAS LARGE INTERVALS BECAUSE OF ABSENCE OF TASK
THEN: CALCULATE:
ci: Occupational exposure concentartion (mg/m3 or ppm or etc.)
ti: :Exposure time fo i’th job (hours)
∑ti:Sfift duration (Generally 8 hours)

14. VOLATILE ORGANIC GASES
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES: ACTIVE CARBON SORBENT TUBES AND LOW FLOW SAMPLING PUMPS

15. FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF VOC SAMPLES
SELECTION OF LOCATION OR PERSON:
GAS CONCENTRATION VARIATIONS ARE ESTIMATED USING TWO NUMBERS
Reynolds Number
Archimedes number

16. FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF VOC SAMPLES
As the Reynold's number incraese
More homogenious distribution
Lower exposure at the source
As the Archimede's number increase,
Movements towards the hot walls
Lower average concentartions

17. Formaldehyde Samples
Passive sampler filled with DNFH is used

18. Formaldehit Numunelerinin Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler
Same factors with VOCS in terms of distribution and adsorbtion
BUT! More sensitive to Reynold's and Archimede's numbers

19. FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF FORMALDEHYDE SAMPLES
BUT!: More sensitive to temperature
WHY?: Its adsorbtion is more exothermic.

20. DUSTS THERE ARE TWO MAJOR TYPES WHE SAMPLING IS CONSIDERED
Cyrstaline structure dusts
Fibrous dusts

21. Cyristalline Structure Dusts
High flow rate pumps are used for sampling these dusts
Sidekick
Deluxe

22. INHALABLE AND RESPIRABLE DUSTS
Cyclone head for respirable dusts
IOM head for inhalable dusts.
Cyclone head
IOM head

23. FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF CYRSTALLINE DUST SAMPLES
Reynold's number (more or less sensitive depending on the type of dust)
Less sensitive to Archimede's number.
WHY: Larger particles than gases which are hardly affected by bıuancy forces of air.

24. FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF FIBROUS DUST SAMPLES
Same factors with cyrstalline dusts
Special Sampling heads are used
Special preperation of filters before sampling
Fibrous dust head