1. Welcome To Our Presentation 1

2. Topic Name Transfer Stations and Transport, Ultimate Disposal Methods 2

3. Contents…  Transfer Stations  Transporting Vehicle  Ultimate Disposal Methods  Study Based on Dhaka City 3

4. Transfer Station  It’s a place or building where waste and recyclables are brought from many different sources by local waste collector vehicles.  From here waste is transfer to recycling centers, waste processors or to landfill by large vehicles. 4

5. Types of Transfer Station  Depending on the method of land use and vehicles, transfer stations may be classified into three types: 1) Direct Discharge 2) Storage Discharge 3) Combined Direct and Storage Discharge 5

6. Direct Discharge Transfer Station  Usually wastes from the collector vehicles are emptied directly into large transfer vehicle. Then transfer vehicles carry the waste to final disposal.  Direct discharge transfer stations usually are constructed in a two-level arrangement. 6

7. Storage Discharge Transfer Station  In the storage discharge transfer station, wastes are emptied either into a storage pit or on a platform.  Machinery is used to hoist or push the solid waste into the final transport vehicle. 7

8. Combined Direct and Storage Discharge Transfer Station  At first waste is discharged into an unloaded platform. Recyclable waste is removed then remaining waste is transferred for final disposal.  If there is no recyclable materials in waste. Then it is directly discharged into trailer for final disposal. 8

9. Transfer Vehicle  Waste transfer vehicle are different size. Now motorized vehicle is available for waste transferring.  The four major categories of vehicles are as follows : 1) Compaction Vehicles 2) Semi-compaction Vehicles 3) Non-compaction Vehicles 4) Container Handling Vehicles 9

10. Compaction Vehicles  Waste compaction is compacting of waste or reducing it’s volume which has low- density.  Waste collection vehicles compress waste so that more of it can store required quantity per trip in the same space. 10

11. Semi-compaction Vehicles  Semi-compaction system is between stage non-compaction and compaction systems.  Semi-compaction vehicles is combination of a tractor unit to carry waste or load.  More suitable to carry medium to high density wastes. 11

12. Non-compaction Vehicles  In non-compaction system the volume of waste should not decrease during waste loading. That is why non-compaction vehicles are suitable for transferring dense waste. 12

13. Container Handling Vehicles  Containers are placed either very close to households or at central locations. Waste should be stored according to container color such as residual waste is collected in gray containers.  Then container is collected by vehicle. 13

14. Waste Disposal  Waste disposal is proper disposition of neglected material.  Neglected materials are those materials, that are useless, unwanted, or hazardous for human or our environment. Such as garbage, rubbish, ashes, sewage-treatment solids, mining wastes, dead animals etc. 14

15. Importance of Proper Solid Waste Disposal  To improve public health  To reduce air pollution  To reduce groundwater Contamination  To keep the environment clean  To save energy  To separate reuse or recyclable object 15

16. Method of Disposal of Solid Waste  Generally three methods of solid disposal 1) Land filling 2) Incineration 3) Composting 16

17. Land Filling  It is the oldest form of waste disposal system.  Landfill means disposal of waste materials by burial or last resting- place without creating any effect to public health or safety. 17

18. Land Filling Advantage  Produce energy from waste  Filled land can be reused for other community purposes  It’s better than just throwing  Discrete volume of waste Disadvantage  Air pollution  Pollution of soil  Pollution of groundwater  It releases methane and other greenhouse gases 18

19. Land Filling An environmental sound land filling components:  An appropriate liners for protection of GW  Runoff controls  Leachate collection and treatment system  Monitoring wells  Appropriate final cover design 19

20. Incineration  Incineration can be described as "thermal treatment“ which is burning of waste at high temperature and turn into ash and gases.  If refuse waste is more poisonous it is better to incineration to land filling. 20

21. Incineration Advantage  Decreases quantity of waste  Provides better control over odor  Elimination of groundwater contamination  Energy generation  Eliminates harmful germs and chemicals Disadvantage  It is expensive  Possibility of long-term problems  Pollutes the environment 21

22. Composting  Composting is the biological decomposition of organic waste by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms at aerobic conditions and formed humus.  Composting has considerable value for the soil. 22

23. Composting  There are three methods of composting: (1) Composting by Trenching (2) Open Window Composting (3) Mechanical Composting 23

24. Composting Advantage  Improve the rate of nutrient  Improve soil porosity.  Improve water retention capacity.  Increases resistance to erosion by wind and water.  Promotes the growth of plants and roots  Disadvantage  Poorly compost generate odors.  The release greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.  Potential to convey heavy metals to the soil. 24

25. Study Based on Dhaka City Transfer Station  There are only three transfer station in Dhaka city. But their management system in not good. There is no specified place for station. All are situated beside the road. After all totally an unhealthy condition. 25

26. Transporting Vehicle 26

27. Disposal System  Trucks & Carriers bring the collected solid which is used for filling low-lying lands. Some heavy equipment is used for compaction of dumping waste.  Uncollected wastes are dumped in open spaces, streets, clogs drainage 27

28. Any Question ? 28

29. Thank to All… 29