1. Welcome to Social Studies 8
Mr. Stump
Pine Grove Area Middle School
Pine Grove, PA

2. Welcome! Social Studies 8 – U.S. History to 1901
Textbook – Glencoe’s “The American Journey”
Chapter 1 “First Americans” through Chapter 18 “The Western Frontier”
Major Topics: American Revolutionary War, Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, U.S. Civil War, The American Presidency, Civics & Government in America
Assignments & Notes Posted on PGASD.com & Sapphire
Grades Updated Regularly

3. Chapter 1 Vocabulary NOMAD – a person who moves from place to place
CIVILIZATION – a highly developed society
ARCHAEOLOGY – the study of ancient peoples

4. MIGRATION – a movement of a large number of people into a new homeland
ARTIFACTS – things left behind by early peoples, such as stone tools
PUEBLO – a village of stone dwellings built by the Anasazi

5. THEOCRACY – a society ruled by religious leaders
ADOBE – a type of sun-dried mud brick
FEDERATION – a government linking different groups

6. CARBON DATING – a scientific method to find out how old an artifact is
ICE AGE – a period of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet's surface was covered with massive ice sheets
HIEROGLYPHICS – pictures or symbols that are used to represent words, sounds, or concepts

7. Chapter 1 Notes
The land bridge that once joined Asia and the Americas is called Beringia.
An early form of corn was maize.
The Native American civilization that developed in the rain forests of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras was the Maya.

8. Tenochtitlán was the capital city of the Aztecs.
The empire of the Inca was the largest of the early American civilizations.
The area known as the Four Corners was home to the Anasazi.

9. The largest settlement of the Mound Builders was Cahokia.
The Inuit settled in the northernmost parts of North America, in the lands around the Arctic Ocean.
The peoples of the Southwest built their homes out of a type of sun- dried mud brick called adobe.
The Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, and Cayuga made up the Iroquois League.

10. Contact
Mr. Ron Stump
(570) , ext. 327