1. Earthquakes Vocab

2. Fault - a break or crack in the Earth along which movement occurs
Fault - a break or crack in the Earth along which movement occurs. 3 main types: Normal, Reverse, and Strike-Slip.
Epicenter - the point on the surface of Earth directly above the focus or source of the earthquake.
Focus – point at which the earthquake originates (where rock breaks). Often described as shallow or deep.
Intensity - the amount of damage done during an earthquake.

3. Can You See Where Movement Has Occurred?
Normal Fault in Split Mountain Gorge
Mojave Desert
Can You See Where Movement Has Occurred?
Normal Fault in Split Mountain Gorge Mojave Desert

4. Earthquake - a sudden vibration or trembling in the Earth caused by movement along faults.
Seismic Waves – waves of energy that are released during an earthquake. 3 main types: Primary (P) waves, Secondary (S) waves, and Surface waves.
Seismograph or Seismometer - instruments that measure motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes.
Seismogram - a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time

5. P & S Waves Known as Body Waves because they can travel through the Earth’s Interior!

7. Stress – amount of force exerted on an object
Strain - deformation of an object (rock) under the action of applied forces
Liquefaction – intense shaking turns wet, sandy soil into a substance that acts like a liquid.
Magnitude - a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake, as indicated on the Richter Scale.
Richter Scale - assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.

9. Liquefaction Japan
Niigata, Japan
June 16, 1964
Magnitude 7.4
Liquefaction Yellowstone
August 18, 1959 magnitude 7.3

11. Mercalli Scale – measures the intensity (damage done) of an earthquake.
San Andreas Fault – large transform fault in California which runs a length of roughly 810 miles. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.

13. Carrizo Plains Bakersfield