1. The French longitudinal database of enterprise groups

2. Outline of the presentation
Introduction
Concepts used in the LDG
Continuity
Groups’ birth
Groups’ death
The building of the LDG
Some results
What remains to be done

3. Introduction The French system to observe enterprise groups
The preliminary studies on continuity

4. The concepts used in the LDG : continuity
Economic continuity based on the follow up of the employment
in the frame of the legal units
3 types of continuity :
Forward continuity
Backward continuity
Continuity of control

5. The concepts used in the LDG : continuity
Forward continuity
50% of G’ employment (in t) is employed by H (in t+1)
Backward continuity :
50% of H’ employment (in t+1) was employed by G (in t)
Continuity of control : 2 levels
Continuity of control if the group head is the same
Broadened continuity if the H’s group head in t+1 belonged to G in t

6. The continuity : an example
G1  H1 : forward and backward continuity and continuity of control
G1  H2 : backward continuity only
G2  H2 : continuity of control only
G2  H3 : forward and backward continuity

7. The continuity : the building of the continuity code

8. The continuity : the attribution of the continuity code
All units in n are attributed a continuity code between n and n+1
All the one to one relationships are checked
The only strongest is kept
Only A,B, and C conclude to continuity
The other codes are chosen as followed
The following codes point out a creation in n+1 :
S, R, Y

9. The continuity : go back on our example

10. Creation and cessation of a group
4 circumstances for creation:
Creation by split off
Creation by fusion
Creation from legal units other than split off or fusion
Ex nihilo creation
The cessation happens when G (in t) is characterized by weak continuity codes with the H’s (in t+1) so, the Hs have another predecessor
The cessation code is equal to the continuity code

11. The building of the longitudinal database of groups (LDG)
To fill data gaps
Missing information in the Lifi survey
To account for changes of structure
Companies which are appearing or disappearing in a restructuring program
To create, for both years t and t+1 the same frame
Majority control vs. broadened control
To reduce the instability of continuity
To evaluate the continuity of the broadened group
To impute the continuity code of the core group

12. The building of the longitudinal database of groups (LDG)

13. The LDG : some economic results

14. The LDG : some economic results

15. The LDG : some economic results

16. The LDG : some economic results

17. The LDG : other possible uses
The LDG : 2 datasets
Longitudinal database with demographic data on groups (id number, creation date, cessation date, continuity code year by year)
Annual datasets of Legal units belonging to the groups
Possible links, through the Siren number with economic databases (structural, as well as short term, economic, as well as employment…)

18. The LDG : what remains to be solved
The introduction of micro groups
To solve problems of instability linked with the use of Legal units

19. Instability of small groups

20. The LDG : what remains to be solved
The introduction of micro groups
To solve problems of instability linked with the use of Legal units
To be tested : the use of other economic data
Turnover, value added
To enlarge the continuity to the world-wide group
To test the continuity of sub-groups