1. CELL THEORY NOTES

2. History Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
The microscope was invented by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch biologist in the early 1600’s. Leeuwenhoek’s invention allowed him to see tiny living organisms in droplets of water.

3. History
Robert Hook
Became interested in Van Leeuwenhoek’s microscope and used one to look at pieces of cork.
He could see that it was composed of thousands of tiny chambers. He called these chambers “cells” since they reminded him of the small rooms called cells in a monastery.
His discovery was significant since it opened up the study of cells.

4. Over the next 300 years…
Robert Brown – observed that many cells had a dark structure near the center of the cell, which we now call the nucleus (1833).
Matthias Schleiden – stated that all plants are made of cells. (1838)
Theodor Schwann – discovered that all animals are made of cells too (1839).
Rudolf Virchow – stated that all cells arise from the division of preexisting cells (1855).
Janet Plowe – demonstrated that the cell membrane is a physical structure, not just an interface between two liquids (1931).

5. The cell theory states:
1. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

6. Why are cells so small? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4Tst9DZFPI
There are very few large cells
Most are small
Cells must stay small in volume so that they can intake and pump out nutrients

7. Parts of the Cell
Cell Membrane
Organelle
Nucleus

8. Difference Between Archaea and Bacteria
Lack nucleus
Similar to eukaryotic cells
Cell wall and cell membrane are different
Live where no others can live
Bacteria
Most common prokaryotes
Live everywhere
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Strong cell wall

9. 2 Basic Cell Types
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

10. Prokaryotes-
Cells that DO NOT contain membrane-bound structures
Eukaryotes-
Cells that DO contain membrane-bound structures
Membrane-bound structures inside eukaryotic cells are called ORGANELLES. Each organelle has a specific function.

11. Vocabulary
Cell
Cell membrane
Organelle
Nucleus
Prokaryote
Eukaryote