1. Paul Jacobs The iSchool University of Maryland Thursday, Oct. 5, 2017
INFM 603: Session 6 Database Implementation Using PHP and MySQL
Paul Jacobs
The iSchool
University of Maryland
Thursday, Oct. 5, 2017
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2. Today’s Topics Review of Database Fundamentals
How to Build/Query/Update Online Relational Databases
Hands-on Practice

3. Database Fundamentals - Review
What is a database? A computer mechanism for online persistent storage, organization and access to information (a technology)
Why do we need them? To maintain information in a consistent, convenient, reliable way that enables applications (a tier or architectural component)
How do we use them? Building a (usually) relational model called a schema that organizes data in tables and supports needed functionality; writing code for interfaces (implementation)
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

4. Database Implementation – Types of Database Problems
Design and Document a Database
Figure out what data has to be in there
How is the data structured? What are the types of data (e.g., names, dates, strings, etc.)?
Build the schema
Document it (so that you or someone else can implement it)
Build a Database
Create the database (tables), users, security, etc. (usually done by designer and/or DBA – administrator using various interfaces and/or ODBC/SQL)
Validate that it works
Populate the database (enter records)
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

5. Database Implementation –Database Problems (cont’d)
Program a Database
Develop interfaces for end users (e.g. to search, access information from databases – e.g., Testudo)
Develop interfaces for other systems (e.g., to place orders, perform updates, etc. – e.g., Canvas, Amazon)
Query a Database
Access data (records) already in the database
Can be done using all kinds of interfaces, or by programs (often using ODBC/SQL)
Very often done by users who are not allowed to update or change the data themselves
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

6. Documenting a Database
Usually specifies the schema, especially the tables (or object classes in an object-oriented format), but can be at various levels and description and abstraction
Can be used to communicate among different parts of a technical project team (e.g., user groups, programmers, database designers, etc.)
Can use any number of documentation methods
E-R diagrams
Class diagrams with annotations
Sketches and drawings of all sorts (such as what we used last time)
Actual database output from some stage of implementation
Best done relatively early in project because of need to build and test code to interface with the database
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

7. Database Implementation - Introduction to SQL

8. What is SQL (Structured Query Language)?
The “interlingua” of relational databases (e.g., Oracle, SQLServer, MySQL, Postgres, DB2, etc.)
An international standard (ISO 9075)
A common method of building and querying databases
A common method of building database interfaces (e.g., using ASP, JSP, PHP)
A common method of building connectors from applications to databases (e.g., using XML, SOAP and ODBC/JDBC)
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

9. Basic SQL functions (on records)
SELECT – get records from a database that meet certain criteria
INSERT – add records to a database
UPDATE
DELETE
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

10. Basic SQL functions - SELECT
SELECT CustomerAddress
FROM Customers
WHERE CustomerName = ‘Will E. Coyote’;
SELECT * FROM SalesOrders
LIMIT 0,30;
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

11. PHPMyAdmin Output - SELECT
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

12. SELECT Using JOIN
SELECT SalesOrders.SalesOrderNo, Customers.CustomerName
FROM SalesOrders JOIN Customers
ON (SalesOrders.CustomerNo = Customers.CustomerNo) ;
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

13. PHPMyAdmin Output - Join
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

14. Basic SQL functions - INSERT
INSERT INTO `inclassdemo`.`OrderItems` (
`SalesOrderNo` , `ItemNo` , `ItemQuantity` , `ItemUnitPrice`
) VALUES ( '1', '1', '12', '10.50');
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

15. Basic SQL functions - UPDATE
UPDATE `inclassdemo`.`SalesOrders`
SET `CustomerNo` = '5', `ClerkNo` = '2'
WHERE `SalesOrders`.`SalesOrderNo` =1
LIMIT 1 ;
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

16. Basic SQL functions - DELETE
DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerName = 'Peter Piper';
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

17. Basic SQL functions (on tables)
CREATE – make a new table
DROP – delete a table
ALTER – change (e.g., fields) of a table
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

18. Basic SQL functions - CREATE
CREATE TABLE `SalesOrders` (
`SalesOrderNo`
INT( 6 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY , `Date` DATE NOT NULL , `CustomerNo` INT NOT NULL , `ClerkNo` INT NOT NULL , `Total` FLOAT( 9, 2 ) NOT NULL )
[in MySQL requires separate constraint
PRIMARY KEY (SalesOrderNo)]
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

19. Basic SQL functions – DROP AND ALTER
DROP TABLE Pets;
ALTER TABLE SalesOrders
ADD Season VARCHAR (10);
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

20. Building the Sample Database Using MySQL

21. Example Database (Final Tables)
Table: SalesOrders
SalesOrderNo
Date
CustomerNo
ClerkNo
Total
Table: OrderItems
ItemNo
ItemQuantity
ItemUnitPrice
Table: InventoryItems
ItemNo
ItemDescription
Table: Customers
CustomerNo
CustomerName
CustomerAddress
Table: Clerks
ClerkNo
ClerkName
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

22. Building the Sample With PHPMyadmin – Create Tables
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

23. Building the Sample With PHPMyadmin – Add Data
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

24. Building the Sample With PHPMyadmin – Add Data (SQL)
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

25. Building the Sample With PHPMyadmin – Build Queries
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

26. Build and populate the sample database
Hands On Practice
Build and populate the sample database

27. SQL is Quite Powerful
Data types – Most common are INT (Integer), VARCHAR (Variable length string), and DATE, but there are many other related types, e.g. TIMESTAMP, BLOB (binary large object), FLOAT (floating point)
Functions – There are functions for almost any data type, e.g. –
Date conversion and formatting, such as DATE_FORMAT(Date, ‘%b . %m, %Y)
TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate,CURDATE())
All kinds of arithmetic, like SQRT() and POW()
Numerous tools and tricks for manipulating, sorting, comparing, etc.
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

28. Example: Typical Contact DB
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

29. Example: Age Query Database Fundamentals Implementation
Hands-on Practice

30. Example: Birthday Query
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice

31. Database Implementation - Recap
Reviewed the role of databases in [web] applications
Introduced SQL as the “interlingua” of relational databases
Presented and tried out one type of database server using PHPMyAdmin/MySQL
Next up: Integrating with web pages via PHP and other advanced methods, tying things together
Database Fundamentals
Implementation
Hands-on Practice