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Insolation
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Insolation-
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Insolation- Incoming Solar Radiation
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Two ways insolation can vary:
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Two ways insolation can vary:
Intensity (strength)
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Two ways insolation can vary:
Intensity (strength) Duration (length)
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Intensity Rate of insolation received by a given area per unit time
Calories per square meter per second Intensity is greatest when the angle of incidence is 90o Intensity is least when the angle of incidence is 0o
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Intensity of Insolation
Greatest when the sun’s rays are perpendicular to the Earth’s surface Greatest at the equator on the equinox dates. Greatest at the Tropic of Cancer on the summer solstice Greatest at the Tropic of Capricorn on the winter solstice
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Equinox Dates
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Winter Solstice
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Summer Solstice
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Angle of Insolation at 42oN
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Changes in a shadow.
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Duration of Insolation
Length of time that insolation is received each day Time between sunrise and sunset Equinox dates duration of insolation is 12 hours Duration is longest in the summer for the Northern Hemisphere Duration is shortest in the winter for the Northern Hemisphere
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Temperature Variations
Temperature varies throughout a single day Warmest time of the day is 3-4 pm Coldest time of the day 6 pm. Temperature varies throughout a year Warmest time of year July Coldest time of year January
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Sky Domes
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Rules for drawing Sky Domes
ALWAYS start with the sun’s path on the equinox dates (March 21st and Sept. 23rd)! On the equinox dates, the Sun always rises due east and sets due west. On the equinox dates, the altitude of the noon sun is equal to: 90 subtracted from the latitude. (Altitude of the noon sun plus the latitude of the observer is always equal to 90o.) The noon sun is located in the south if the observer is in the Northern Hemisphere and the noon sun is located in the north if the observer is in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Rules for drawing Sky Domes
On the summer solstice (June 21st), the sun rises north of east (NE) and the sun sets north of west (NW). On the summer solstice (June 21st), the noon sun is 23.5o towards the north of the noon sun on the equinox sun’s path.
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Rules for drawing Sky Domes
On the winter solstice (Dec. 21st), the sun rises south of east (SE) and the sun sets south of west (SW). On the winter solstice (Dec. 21st), the noon sun is 23.5o towards the south of the noon sun on the equinox sun’s path.
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Sky Dome of the Equator North South East West
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Sky Dome of the Equator North South East West Equinox
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Sky Dome of the Equator Equinox Summer Solstice East North South West
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Sky Dome of the Equator North South East West Equinox Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice 23.5o 23.5o
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Tropic of Cancer 23.5oN North South East West
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Tropic of Cancer 23.5oN North South East West Equinox 23.5o 66.5o
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Tropic of Cancer 23.5oN Summer Solstice Equinox East North South West
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Tropic of Cancer 23.5oN Summer Solstice Equinox Winter Solstice East
North South East West Winter Solstice 23.5o 23.5o
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Tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS North South East West
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Tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS North South East West 23.5o Equinox 66.5o
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Tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS Equinox Summer Solstice East North South
West
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Tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS Equinox Winter Solstice Summer Solstice
North South East West Summer Solstice 23.5o
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New York State 42oN North South East West
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New York State 42oN North South East West 48o
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New York State 42oN North South East West Equinox 48o
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New York State 42oN Summer Solstice Equinox East North South West
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New York State 42oN Summer Solstice Equinox Winter Solstice East North
South East West Equinox Summer Solstice 23.5o
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Arctic Circle 66.5oN North South East West Equinox 23.5o
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Arctic Circle 66.5oN Summer Solstice North South East West Equinox
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Arctic Circle 66.5oN Summer Solstice North South East West Equinox
Winter Solstice
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Antarctic Circle 66.5oS North South East West Winter Solstice Equinox
Summer Solstice
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How does the sun’s path show intensity of insolation?
North South East West
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How does the Sun show the time of day?
North South East West
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How does the Sun show the time of day?
North South East West
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How does the Sun show the time of day?
North South East West
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How does the time of day effect the shadow angle?
North South East West
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How does the time of day effect the shadow angle?
North South East West
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How does the time of day effect the shadow angle?
North South East West
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