1. Reforms and Reformers
Attempts at Change

2. The Reforming Spirit
Men and women who led the reform movements of the 1800s wanted to expand the nation’s ideals of liberty and equality to all Americans.
They believed the nation should live up to the noble goals stated in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.

3. What Would You Do?
In the early 1800’s, alcohol abuse was very common among men, women, and even children. Alcohol was served openly in workplaces, grocery stores, candy stores, and at most celebrations. Heavy drinking among men often led to violence against women, mental illness, and the breakup of families.

5. The Temperance Movement
(1820s) Opposed the use of alcoholic beverages
Chief goal was prohibition – outlawing the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
Believed that problems of poverty and disease could be eased, family life could be improved, and national economy made more productive

6. Adoption of the 18th Amendment
(1920) Banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States

7. The Women’s Movement
Many women believed they should have the same rights as men, and they organized to gain these rights.
Much of the Women’s Movement came from women who, while fighting to end slavery, began to recognize their own desires.

8. Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
First women’s rights convention
Major Roles:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B Anthony
Lucretia Mott

9. Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
200 women and 400 men attended
Issued a Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

10. What Did They Want? Women’s suffrage (right to vote) Equal pay
Opportunities in education
Other gender barriers removed

12. Efforts to End Slavery
Northwest Ordinance (1787) – slavery banned north of the Ohio River

13. Abolitionist Movement (1820)
What does it mean to abolish something?
Abolitionists: anti-slavery activists who tried eliminate slavery in the United States

14. Underground Railroad
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves.
Abolitionists established a network of trade routes and escape houses to help African Americans travel north.
Harriet Tubman, a former slave, made trips to escort runaways.

16. North vs. South
Abolition was stronger in the North, but northern merchants feared that abolition would further weaken relations between the North and South, harming trade.
White workers feared the competition from escaped or freed slaves willing to work for lower wages.