1. Chemical Bonds are the glue that holds atoms together in compounds
Chemical Bonds are formed by electrons

2. Ionic Bonds
click + - + -
click
Magnetism

3. Ionic Bond – the electrical attraction between a negative ion and a positive ion.

4. e-
Chlorine e- e- e- e- e- P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

5. Chlorine e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
17 protons e- e- e-
17 neutrons e- e-
18 electrons
Negative ion P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

6. Sodium e- e- e- P+ e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 11 protons 11 neutrons
10 electrons
Positive ion P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

7. Salt Chlorine Sodium Sodium Cloride NaCl e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ e- e- e-
- negative e- e- P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
Salt e-
Ionic bond e- e- e- e- P+ N e- e- e- e- e-
Sodium e- e-
+ positive e-

8. Ionic Compound
Generally from opposite sides of the periodic table.
NaCl
table salt

9. Ionic Compound
Generally from opposite sides of the periodic table.
KCl
road salt

10. Ionic Compound
Generally from opposite sides of the periodic table.
MgSO4
Epsom salt

11. Ionic compounds form crystals

12. NaCl Type of Bond Properties Example Ionic Covalent Polar Covalent
Chemical Bond Properties
Type of Bond
Properties
Example
Ionic
1) Crystalline solids (made of ions)
2) High melting and boiling points
3) Conduct electricity when melted
4) Many soluble in water
5) Generally formed from opposite sides of the periodic table (metals – nonmetals)
NaCl
Salt
Covalent
Polar Covalent
Metallic

13. Covalent Bonds
Juggling

14. Covalent Bond – a pair of electrons shared by two atoms.

15. Carbon e- P+ P+ P+ P+ e- e- e- P+ e- P+ e- wants 4 more electrons N N

16. Hydrogen
wants 1 electron e- P+ N

17. e- P+ e- P+
4 Hydrogens
wants 4 electron e- P+ e- P+

18. Methane CH4 P+ P+ e- e- e- e- P+ P+ P+ P+ e- P+ e- P+ e- e- e- e- P+

19. NaCl CO2 Type of Bond Properties Example Ionic Covalent Polar Covalent
Chemical Bond Properties
Type of Bond
Properties
Example
Ionic
1) Crystalline solids (made of ions)
2) High melting and boiling points
3) Conduct electricity when melted
4) Many soluble in water
5) Generally formed from opposite sides of the periodic table (metals – nonmetals)
NaCl
Salt
Covalent
1) Gases, liquids, or solids (made of molecules)
2) Low melting and boiling points
3) Poor electrical conductors in all phases
4) Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water
CO2
Carbon dioxide
Polar Covalent
Metallic

20. Polar Covalent Bonds
Uneven
Juggling

21. Polar Covalent Bond – the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms that gives rise to negative and positive regions of electrical charge.

22. Oxygen e- P+ P+ P+ P+ P+ e- e- e- P+ P+ e- P+ e- e- e-
wants 2 more electrons P+ N P+ P+ N N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- P+ N P+ N e- P+ N e- e- e-

23. e- P+ e- P+
2 Hydrogens
wants 2 electron

24. Water H2O P+ P+ e- e- e- e- P+ P+ P+ P+ P+ e- P+ P+ e- P+ e- e- e- e-N P+ P+ N N P+ N P+ N e- P+ N P+ N e- P+ N e- e- e- e-

25. Water H2O P+ P+ e- e- e- e- P+ P+ P+ P+ P+ e- P+ P+ e- P+ e- e- e- e-
Slight
positive (+) charge
Slight
positive (+) charge P+ P+ e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ P+ N N P+ N P+ N e-
Slight
negative (-) charge P+ N P+ N e- P+ N e- e- e- e-

26. NaCl CO2 H2O Type of Bond Properties Example Ionic Covalent
Chemical Bond Properties
Type of Bond
Properties
Example
Ionic
1) Crystalline solids (made of ions)
2) High melting and boiling points
3) Conduct electricity when melted
4) Many soluble in water
5) Generally formed from opposite sides of the periodic table (metals – nonmetals)
NaCl
Salt
Covalent
1) Gases, liquids, or solids (made of molecules)
2) Low melting and boiling points
3) Poor electrical conductors in all phases
4) Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water
CO2
Carbon dioxide
Polar Covalent
1) Polar covalent molecules are affected by electrostatic fields
2) Have higher melting and boiling points than covalent bonds
3) Good solvent for ionic compounds
H2O
Water
Metallic

27. Everyone juggling at once
Metallic Bonds
Mad Juggling
Everyone juggling at once

28. Metallic Bond – a certain type of bond in which the nuclei float in a sea of electrons

29. Copper e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+
wants 7 electrons e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

30. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

31. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N P+ N e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

32. Another way to look at it…P+ N ND e- P+ N ND e- P+ N ND e- P+ N ND e- P+ N ND e- P+ N ND e- P+ N ND e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND e- e- e- e- e- e- P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND P+ N ND e- e- e- e- e- e-

33. NaCl CO2 H2O Al Type of Bond Properties Example Ionic Covalent
Chemical Bond Properties
Type of Bond
Properties
Example
Ionic
1) Crystalline solids (made of ions)
2) High melting and boiling points
3) Conduct electricity when melted
4) Many soluble in water
5) Generally formed from opposite sides of the periodic table (metals – nonmetals)
NaCl
Salt
Covalent
1) Gases, liquids, or solids (made of molecules)
2) Low melting and boiling points
3) Poor electrical conductors in all phases
4) Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water
CO2
Carbon dioxide
Polar Covalent
1) Polar covalent molecules are affected by electrostatic fields
2) Have higher melting and boiling points than covalent bonds
3) Good solvent for ionic molecules
H2O
Water
Metallic
1) Good conductors of heat and electricity
2) Bonds are not rigid - malleable and ductile
3) High boiling point
4) Shinny – electrons absorb light and re-emit at a different wavelength Al
Aluminum foil

34. I can play music. Ionic Covalent Polar Covalent Metallic
How to remember the four types of bonds.
I can play music.
Ionic
Covalent
Polar Covalent
Metallic

35. Master Teacher Project
Chemical Bonds
Sean Gillette, EdD
Master Teacher Project
Betterlesson.com
October 21, 2014