1. Objective 5.1-5.4 Describe the…
5.1-Structure of the federal Judicial Branch
5.2-Powers of the J. B.
5.3-Different jurisdictions of J. B.
5.4- Courts of the Federal Judicial Branch

2. Objective 5.1
Article III of the US Constitution created the Supreme Court and “all lesser courts”

3. Federal Courts Federal Courts hear cases involving federal laws
Involving Constitutional questions

4. All federal Judges… are appointed by President approved by Senate
Serve term as judge for life

5. 5.3- Types of Federal Jurisdiction
authority to take legal action
**Federal Courts have 2 types of Jurisdiction**

6. Original Jurisdiction-
Court trials begin in courts with original jurisdiction-
Judges & Jury make decisions
Your image of a court case
-judge, jury, witnesses, lawyers arguments

7. Appellate Jurisdiction-
these types of courts hear appeals from lower courts-
Appeal= request to have another court review your case

8. Appellate Jurisdiction-
these types of courts hear appeals from lower courts-
Review original case to be sure it was fair
No jury, No re-trial
Group of Judges make decisions

9. 5.4-Organization and Jurisdiction of the Judicial Branch

10. 5.4-Organization and Jurisdiction of the Judicial Branch
Supreme Court
(1 in US)
Court of Appeals
(12 in US)
District Court
(94 in US)

11. Lowest federal courts Trial Courts 94 total in the US
U.S. District Courts
Lowest federal courts
Trial Courts
94 total in the US

12. Original jurisdiction Court cases start in District Courts
District Courts have…
Original jurisdiction
Court cases start in District Courts

13. the only federal court where jury trials are held
District Courts are…
Judges and Jury make decisions
the only federal court where jury trials are held

14. District Courts are where…
90% of work is done
Most court cases are heard in District Court

15. CAN’T Hear Appeals (Do not have appellate jurisdiction)
District Courts…
CAN’T
Hear Appeals
(Do not have appellate jurisdiction)

16. Hears appeals of District courts
U.S. Court of Appeals
Hears appeals of District courts

17. Court of Appeals has 12 Courts in the US

18. appellate jurisdiction only only hears appeal cases from lower courts
Court of Appeals has…
appellate jurisdiction only
only hears appeal cases
from lower courts

19. Appeal= judge looks over earlier court decision
Court of Appeals…
Appeal= judge looks over earlier court decision

20. Decisions of Court of Appeals:
A group of 3 judges makes another decision in the case
NO JURY TRIALS

21. Decisions of Court of Appeals …
Court of Appeals judges decide if original trial decision was fair…
if it was not a fair decision then they can reverse the original court’s decision

22. Function of Court of Appeals
THIS IS A REVIEW of the TRIAL given
DISTRICT COURT
NOT a new trial!!

23. U.S. Supreme Court
Highest court in the US

25. Highest Court in the Land!!!
Supreme Court is…
Highest Court in the Land!!!

26. Supreme Court has BOTH appellate and original Jurisdiction

27. Appellate jurisdiction
Most of the time hears appeal cases from-
US Court of Appeals
State Supreme Courts.

28. Has original jurisdiction in only 3 types of cases.
Cases involving diplomats of other countries
Cases involving a state vs. federal government.
Cases involving state vs. states.

29. 9 Judges known as Justices: Decisions are made by a majority rule vote
Supreme Court has…
9 Judges known as Justices:
1 is “Chief Justice”, leader
8 are “Associate Justices”
Decisions are made by a majority rule vote

30. view from Chief Justice's seat

31. Supreme Court Decisions…
are final
CANNOT be appealed.

32. Supreme Court has power of…
JUDICIAL REVIEW
(Decided in Supreme Court decision Marbury vs. Madison)

33. Supreme Court has…judicial review
the power to overturn any law or Presidential act which is in conflict with the laws of the Constitution

34. Judicial Branch Powers
5.2-Powers of the Judicial Branch All federal courts have these 4 powers:
**Interpret Laws**
Hold trials involving federal laws
Makes rulings on Constitutional Questions
Judicial Branch Powers
Protects Constitutional rights of citizens in Court cases

35. To make the final decision on what a law really means
1. interpret laws
To make the final decision on what a law
really means

36. interpret laws Example:
What does
students must remain safe at all times
really mean?

37. Hold a hearing in court to decide the answer to a legal question
2. Conduct trials
Hold a hearing in court to decide the answer to a legal question
Example: Did Jack break the law when he stole the car?

38. 3. Protect rights of citizens in court
The court guarantees that a citizen’s Constitutional rights are protected when arrested and during a trial

39. Protect rights of citizens
Example:
*6th Amendment guarantees right to a lawyer
*A judge can throw out a confession given to police without a lawyer

40. Rule on Constitutional questions
Decides what the words of the Constitution really mean.
Decides if a law fits into the Constitution?

41. Rule on Constitutional questions
Example: election Gore v. Bush
More people voted for Al Gore
George Bush won the majority Electoral vote
Who won the election?

42. Rule on Constitutional questions
The Constitution says the President is elected by the Electoral College NOT by the popular vote
Supreme Court decided Gore v. Bush
George W. Bush won the election