1. Honors 10 Day 4: Understanding Nonfiction
Supplies Check, permission slips
Registration
Outstanding Books Assignment
chpt. 1 of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Logos and Pathos
Persuade the School Board!--Outlining
Annotation as a reading technique (Burke 213)
“Public Statement from 8 Alabama Clergymen”
Complete reading of “Letter from Birmingham Jail” for tomorrow
Annotate as you read

2. Logos: appeal to reason Ethos: appeal to one’s character
Rhetorical Proofs
Logos: appeal to reason
Ethos: appeal to one’s character
Pathos: appeal to emotion
Emotional, visual, auditory, tactile impact

3. Logos
Logos names the appeal to reason. Aristotle wished that all communication could be transacted only through this appeal, but given the weaknesses of humanity, he laments, we must resort to the use of the other two appeals. The Greek term logos is laden with many more meanings than simply "reason," and is in fact the term used for "oration."
The topics of essays we talked about earlier (Narration, Description, Process, Definition, Division / Classification, Compare / Contrast, Cause and Effect) often support Logos

4. Logos in Narrative
Douglass outlines a topic that he will continue to pursue in much of his writing—the false use of Christianity as a justification of slavery.
Return to pages 4, 5:
Every year brings with it multitudes of this class of slaves. It was doubtless in consequence…
The "curse of Ham" refers to the biblical story in which Ham, seeing his father drunk and naked, refused to turn away as his two brothers did. When Noah awoke, he cursed Ham and his son Canaan, supposedly causing a darker pigmentation in their descendants. This so-called curse has often been wrongly used to justify racism.

5. Pathos
Pathos names the appeal to emotion. Cicero encouraged the use of pathos at the conclusion of an oration, but emotional appeals are of course more widely viable. Aristotle's Rhetoric contains a great deal of discussion of affecting the emotions, categorizing the kinds of responses of different demographic groups. Thus, we see the close relations between assessment of pathos and of audience. Pathos is also the category by which we can understand the psychological aspects of rhetoric. Criticism of rhetoric tends to focus on the overemphasis of pathos, emotion, at the expense of logos, the message.

6. Pathos in the Narrative
Description from pages 5, 6:
“He was a cruel man…”
What do all of the details add up to?

7. The traditional outline has three sections: introduction, body, and conclusion. The basic model looks like this:
Title
Introduction
The background
The thesis statement
Body
First major category of support
Supporting detail
Second major category of support
Third major category of support
Conclusion
Review of the major categories of support
The answer, solution, or final option

8. Alcohol Testing for Mass Transportation Employees
Example
Alcohol Testing for Mass Transportation Employees
Congress mandates testing for transportation employees
Background on why
Explanation of new policy
How and why alcohol testing is used
Circumstances for Alcohol Testing
Pre-employment
Post-accident
Reasonable suspicion
Random
Return to duty/follow-up testing
Method of Alcohol Testing
Blood
Urine
Breath
Performance
Options for Alcohol Abusers
Retesting
Treatment
Termination of employment
Conclusion

9. Annotation
We annotate mentally as a part of our reading process; marginal annotation helps us keep track of those ideas or read for specific content:
Coding the text—using symbols to mark ideas
Revealing patterns with underlining or margin notes
Underlining meaningful passages
“Publishing” annotations by showing them to others.