1. Chapter 18 - Classification of Organisms
Taxonomy
The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms.
Taxon: any group within a taxonomic system.

2. Acer rubrum Carolus Linnaeus Binomial Nomenclature Red Maple Bi = 2
Every organism has a 2-part scientific name.
Red Maple
Acer rubrum
Genus = small group
Capitalized
Species = Latin word
Describes the organism
Lower case
Always in italics so scientists know it’s a scientific name.

3. Organizing Kingdom (We are coming back to this).
Phylum (division in plants)
Class
Order
Family
>Genus
>Species
>Subspecies (variations of species that live in
different geographic areas)

4. Example Human Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order
Primates
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species
H. sapiens

5. Species
Species
Breed and Produce Fertile Offspring
Previous Classification: Species shown to be closely related by physical traits are classified together. Other species that may look alike but possess analogous structures only are classified in different groups.
Modern Classification:
- Cladistics: shared and derived characteristics

6. DNA yet again Common Descent DNA, RNA and proteins
Similar Chemical Compounds
DNA, RNA and proteins
We use it to help us classify organisms.
Chromosomal analysis

7. Six Kingdoms Eubacteria: Archaebacteria: - prokaryotes
Single celled organism without a nucleus.
True bacteria
Archaebacteria:
- prokaryotes
- ancient bacteria
- have a unique set of adaptations and overall structure
3. Protista:
Eukaryotes (unicellular)
Single celled organism with a nucleus.
Animal Protists
Plant Protists
Fungus Protists

8. Kingdoms 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia
Build Cell Walls but no Cellulose
No Photosynthesis
Heterotrophic
Unicellular & multicellular
5. Plantae
Cell Walls with Cellulose
Photosynthesis
Autotrophic & multicellular
6. Animalia
Multicellular
Hetertrophic
Develop from embryos