1. Economy, Local Livelihood and social changes
Trilochan Poudyal/Roshani Bhujel

2. A poor Dalit family with nine members was surviving with very minimum of resources. The main source of income for family was producing artisanal (hand made)products. Unfortunately one day, daughter fell ill. They did not know the reason for illness and waited for a couple of days hoping that the fever would cure itself. When the situation became worst, they seek for a local priest. The local priest assured them that the child would be all right within a couple of days. This, too, did not work at all. Also, their access to the local doctor was unreachable. Then as a last hope, father of the daughter went to temple to pray for his daughter well being. However, he was not allowed to enter the temple premises. Eventually, the situation of daughter worsened day by day, and due to lack of proper treatment to her illness she died.

3. Session Objectives Identify different sources of livelihood of people
Analyze the livelihood strategies of people
Analyze the ways to improve the quality of lives

4. Session Outlines
Economic development as an indigenous livelihood opportunities
Economic dynamics and changing livelihood strategies of indigenous people
Foreign employment, remittance and social changes

7. Livelihood: Past Experiences
Indigenous ways of governing society
Sustainable utilization of resources
Social responsibility
Harmonious relationship thorough cooperation
Sharing and kinship among communities
Collectivity in agricultural works
Gender relations and divisions of work

8. Livelihood Strategies of People
Primary/Farm (agriculture, livestock and crop production)
Secondary/Off farm (wage employment in other farms)
Tertiary/Non farm ( non agriculture income sources such as wage employment, self employment, property income and remittance)

9. Source: Economic Survey 2017/18

10. Source: http://mof. gov

11. Video Case- Group Exercise
Video case: Home Gardening for Improved Livelihoods
Lets watch the video case thoroughly to discuss the following points:
Improving livelihood programmes are relevant in Nepal
Impacts of the programmes
How can we link this programme with SDGs?
Being a public service provider, where we see our role and how can we change livelihood strategies of rural people?

12. Video Case
Like home gardening, what may be the alternative and suitable areas of livelihood to rural people including women and marginalized people in order to improve their standard of living by achieving high economic growth?
What interventions are there that could be followed to alleviate/reduce poverty?

13. Livelihood (LH) Framework (Adapted from Ellis (2000)
Assets
(LH platform)
Access (modified by)
Context (changing)
Activities (composed of)
Outcomes (leading to)
Social relations
Gender, Class, Age, Ethnicity
Trends
Qualitative
Quantitative
NR based
Collection
Cultivation
LH security
Income level
Income stability
Degrees of risk
Institutions
Rules and customs
Markets in practice
LH Strategies
Human capital
Physical
Natural
Financial
Social
E. Sustainability
Soils and land quality
Irrigation
Non-NR based
Trade
Other services
Manufacture
Remittances
Organizations
Associations
CBOs/NGOs
Local Admin
State agencies
Shocks
Drought, Floods
Pests, Diseases
Seeds

14. Economic Dynamics and Social Change
Changes in an economic system over time, particularly those reflected in the behavior of markets, businesses, and the general economy.
Social Change
Any significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and cultural values and norms

15. Socio-Economic Changes
Source:

16. HDI of South Asia
Source:

17. Role of Economic Dynamics in Social Change
Extensive mobility
Extensive family disorganization
Individualism
Economic transformation of family
Diversified society
Diversity in workforce
Speed of social problem
High division of labour
Differences in terms of socio-economic aspects

18. Improvement of Livelihood Through
Access to basic rights established through international conventions and access to high-quality education, information, technologies and training, and better nutrition and health
A supportive and cohesive social environment
Secure access to, and better management of, natural resources
Better access to basic and facilitating infrastructure, and financial resources
A policy and institutional environment that supports multiple livelihood strategies and promotes equitable access to competitive markets for all

19. Contd… Export diversification Expansion in private capital formulation
Expansion in public sector investment
Expansion in employment intensity of investments
Increase in infrastructure development

20. Foreign Employment, Remittance and Social Change

22. Labour Permits
Source:

23. Remittance Inflows
Source:

24. Remittance Status
Source:

25. Economic Situation from News Media
Source:

26. Economic Situation from News Media
Source:

27. Economic Situation from News Media
Source: 20, 2017

28. Impacts of Remittance Positive Negative Employment opportunity
Brain drain
Increase in non-agriculture income
Increase in consumption expenditure
Substantial benefits at the household level
Higher consumption, lower poverty
Increased investments in human capital and small enterprises
Promotes Dependency
Increase in GDP
Social issues and problems
Serves as insurance, rising when origin areas experience negative economic shocks
Decrease in local production

29. Possible Areas: Indigenous Livelihood
Agriculture
Remittance
Hydropower
Tourism
Herbs
Service/Trade
Small Scale Industries

30. Sustainability Sustainable use of resources
Practice of sustainable resource management
Use of local materials for crafts and tools
Discourage wasteful use of resources
Practice of zoning for different land uses
Awareness
Communication
Practice

31. Thank You