1. Figure 5 Genotype-positive hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy (HCM) without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
Figure 5 | Genotype-positive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images shown are from individuals who carry mutations implicated in HCM but do not show LVH (upper row) and healthy controls (lower row). Structural abnormalities in so-called genotype-positive LVH-negative individuals include: a | clefts, often multiple (arrowheads); b | elongation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (arrows); c | increased apical trabeculae; and d | abnormal septal curvature. In the normal heart, the position of the interventricular septum is either neutral or convex into the right ventricle (d, lower), whereas in HCM it is convex into the left ventricle (d, upper). Septal curvature is measured as the maximal distance from the left ventricular endocardial border (B) to an intersection point (A) with a theoretical perpendicular joining the mid-septal wall at tricuspid valve insertion level with the apical right ventricular insertion point. The A–B distance seems to be increased in mutation carriers (5.0 ± 2.5 mm versus 1.6 ± 2.4 mm; P ≤0.0001) versus matched controls124.
Sen-Chowdhry, S. et al. (2016) Update on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a guide to the guidelines
Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio