1. Everything you need to know about evolution in a nutshell!
Summary of Evolution
Everything you need to know about evolution in a nutshell!

2. Evidence for Evolution
This is the question that your experiment answers

3. Radiometric dating and half life
Fossil Record
Prokaryotes = oldest fossils

4. Fossil Record

5. Homologous structures have common origin and reflect a common ancestor.
e.g. the wings of a bat and the flipper of a whale show the same bone structure.
Analogous structures have the same function however the similarities are superficial and reflect an adaptation to similar environments.
e.g. the wings of a fly and the wings of a bat.
Vestigial structures are structures that have evolved
e.g. the appendix of a human or the coccyx or tail bone
Comparative Anatomy
Summarize your research in three to five points.

6. Comparative Biochemistry

7. Comparative Embryology

8. All aerobic cells that carry out cellular respiration contain the polypeptide cytochrome c
Comparing the genetic sequence demonstrates how close the organisms are related
Molecular Biology

10. Biogeography Plate Tectonic Theory Pangaea = super continent
Continental Drift
Changes in the position of the earth
Biogeography

11. Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Populations tend to grow exponentially unless an outside force inhibits it
Competition
Disease
struggle for existence
In a population there is variation and thus unequal success for survival and reproduction
Only those that can survive reproduce
Evolution occurs as advantageous traits accumulate in a population.
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection

12. Types of Selection Stabilization Directional Disruptive sexual
artificial
Types of Selection

13. Causes of Evolution of a population
Genetic Drift
Bottleneck Effect
Founder Effect
Gene Flow
Immigration and emigration
Mutations
Non-Random Mating
Natural Selection
Causes of Evolution of a population

14. Species: groups of organisms that mate with one another
Speciation: divergence of biological lineages and emergence of reproductive isolation between lineages
Most of the species concepts proposed by biologists are different ways of approaching the question “What are species?”
Concept 17.1 Species Are Reproductively Isolated Lineages on the Tree of Life

15. Speciation and Reproductive Isolation
Allopatric Speciation
Caused by geographic isolation
i.e. mountain ranges, rivers, lakes, altitudes
Sympatric Speciation - speciation without physical isolation may occur with disruptive selection—individuals with certain genotypes prefer distinct microhabitats where mating takes place.
Habitat isolation
Behavioral isolation
Temporal isolation
Reproductive isolation
Postzygotic barriers
Prezygotic barriers
Speciation and Reproductive Isolation

16. Figure 17.7 Allopatric Speciation among Darwin’s Finches (Part 1)
Figure Allopatric Speciation among Darwin’s Finches The descendants of the ancestral finch that colonized the Galápagos archipelago several million years ago evolved into 14 different species whose members are variously adapted to feed on seeds, buds, and insects.

17. Figure 17.7 Allopatric Speciation among Darwin’s Finches (Part 2)
Figure Allopatric Speciation among Darwin’s Finches The descendants of the ancestral finch that colonized the Galápagos archipelago several million years ago evolved into 14 different species whose members are variously adapted to feed on seeds, buds, and insects.

18. Patterns of Evolution Divergent Evolution Population become isolated
Allopatric /sympatric speciation
Convergent Evolution
Unrelated species become isolated BUT they are exposed to the same environmental pressures and evolve features that are similar
Coevolution
Reciprocal evolution – can be predator-prey or symbiotic
Adaptive radiation
Emergence of numerous species from a common answer into an environment.
They fill an ecological niche
Patterns of Evolution

19. Divergent Evolution

20. Convergent Evolution

21. coevolution

22. Adaptive Radiation