1. CELLS

2. Cell Theory

3. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
The lowest level of structure capable of performing all the activities of life is the cell
All cells come from other cells.

4. Cells
There are no typical cells: Their size, shape, and structure depend on their function.

5. Additional Cell Info.
Unicellular - composed of one cell, all activities occur within the one cell
Multicellular - composed of many cells working together, each cell carries out most of the functions of life

6. Organization in multicellular organisms
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism

7. Viruses and Cells
Do not have all the characteristics of life- ABIOTIC!
Remind students that viruses must infect living cells to grow and reproduce, taking advantage of the nutrients and cellular machinery of their hosts. This means that all viruses are parasites.
Explain that, despite the fact that they are not alive, viruses have many of the characteristics of living things. After infecting living cells, viruses can reproduce, regulate gene expression, and even evolve.
Direct students to compare the principal differences between cells and viruses that are shown in the table.
Ask: Based on this information, would you classify viruses as living or nonliving? Explain.
Sample answer: I would classify viruses as nonliving, because they cannot grow, develop, or obtain energy, and because they cannot reproduce independently.

8. All Cells Contain DNA Have ribosomes Have cytoplasm
Have cell membrane (plasma membrane)

9. Prokaryotic cells
do not have a nucleus
lack membrane-bound organelles
DNA is not arranged in chromosomes.
All unicellular
All bacteria

10. Prokaryotic cells also:
can obtain energy from sunlight or from chemicals in their environment. (autotrophic)
can obtain energy from other organisms (heterotrophic)
contain ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis.

11. Eukaryotic cells DNA is organized into chromosomes in nucleus
true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Unicellular or multicellular
Include- plants, animals, fungi, and protists

13. Animal cells Do not have a cell wall Have no chloroplasts
Multiple small vacuoles
Some have cilia or flagella
Have centrioles

14. Plant cells
Have cell wall
Have chloroplasts
Large central vacuole

15. PARTS OF THE CELL

16. CELL MEMBRANE OR plasma membrane
regulates passage of substances in/out of cell
selectively permeable

17. Cytoplasm fluid material inside the cell
contains molecules and organelles, exclusive of the nucleus
is bound by the cell membrane.

18. CILIA Hair-like structures Usually function in locomotion
Found in large numbers and relatively short
Ex: respiratory cells use to move mucous past them

19. FLAGELLA Bundles of microtubules that extend through the cell membrane
Function in cell locomotion
long
singular or few
Ex: one-celled animals use to move forward, sperm uses to swim forward

20. centrioles
Used in cell reproduction
“L” shaped, near nucleus

21. Nucleus contains DNA - controls cell
involved in reproduction of cell and protein synthesis
surrounded by a nuclear membrane with pores to allow passage of materials

22. Nucleolus
Located in the nuclear membrane
Site of ribosomal synthesis

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
Network of membranous tubes throughout the cytoplasm
functions to transport molecules (usually proteins or lipids)
folded and connects to nucleus

24. 2 types
Rough ER - has ribosomes, protein synthesis
Smooth ER - no ribosomes, lipid synthesis

25. Ribosomes
Ribosome
located on endoplasmic reticulum, on nucleus, or floating free in cytoplasm
site of protein synthesis
composed of rRNA

26. Golgi Bodies Golgi Bodies stacked flattened sacs (cisterns)
sort, package, deliver proteins
Like the “post office” of the cell

28. Mitochondria Mitochondria
rod shaped sacs with inner folds called cristae
powerhouse of cell, releases energy from food
cells needing lots of energy have lots (muscle, liver, etc…)
Contains mitochondrial DNA
Located throughout cytoplasm

30. Lysosomes
Lysosomes
contain digestive enzymes to break down old parts and foreign materials
“clean up crew” of cell

31. Vacuoles
Membrane-bound storage compartments (for food, water, or waste)
Similar to storage bag
Plant cells usually have a large, central water vacuole

32. Chloroplast Typically found in plant and algal cells
Contains Chlorophyll (green)
Site of photosynthesis (energy from light is converted into chemical energy in glucose)
Contains DNA

33. Cell Wall Located outside the cell membrane usually in plants
Composed of cellulose (a polysaccharide)
Provides structure and support for plant

34. Plants Vs FUNGI FUNGI PLANTS Heterotrophs: Decomposers
Yeast is unicellar while other fungi are multicellular
Cell wall- made of chitin
Autotrophs- use photosynthesis
All members are multicellular
Cell wall is made of cellulose