1. Electricity Experiences and Outcomes
Having measured the current and voltage in series and parallel circuits, I can design a circuit to show the advantages and disadvantages of parallel circuits in an everyday application.
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I can help design simple chemical cells and use them to investigate the factors which affect the voltage produced.
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2. Learning Intentions
To explore what you know about electricity and find out something new about electricity
To understand how we generate some of our electricity
To understand the dangers of electricity

3. Lesson Starter In the back of your class jotter:
Write down all the times you have used electricity since waking up this morning.

4. What We Know Already In your group:
Discuss what you already know and understand about electricity. For example, what facts, words and meanings do you know about electricity?
Write a summary of what you and your group have talked about in your jotter. You might use a mind map, bullet points or a table.
Share your summary with the rest of the class when everyone is ready.

5. In your jotter:
Write the heading “What We Know Already about Electricity”
Write three key points about electricity
Use show me boards or get pupils to discuss with their partner.

6. What is Electricity?
Electricity is a type of energy and we rely on it everyday.
Generating electricity is expensive and we are trying to find cheaper and renewable ways of generating electricity.

7. Renewable Energy
Scotland currently generates 41.6% of our electricity from renewable sources.
The Scottish Government wants to make this 100% by 2020!
In Iceland, 87% of their electricity comes from hydroelectricity!
100% of Iceland's space heating and water heating is obtained from geothermal sources!

8. Electrical Safety
Electrical faults are one of the most common causes of fires in the home.
You should check your smoke alarms once every week and change the batteries once every year.

9. Success Criteria I found out something new about electricity
I understand how we generate some of our electricity
I understand the dangers of electricity

10. Lesson Starter Name three appliances that use electricity.
Why do grown ups keep telling you to turn lights off when you’ve stopped using them.
How often should you check your smoke alarms?
What country is a world leader in renewable energy?

11. Conductors and insulators
Learning intention
To understand the difference between conductors and insulators.
To be able to build circuits.

12. Conductors and insulators
Today, we will test a number of materials to see if they are conductors or insulators
What you will need:
Circuit board, 2 batteries, 1 bulb, 3 wires
1 bag of insulators and conductors
Build a circuit that lights the bulb.

13. Conductors and insulators- - + +
Test Material
Test each material
The bulb will light up if a current flows
Note the conductors and insulators in a table

14. Results Material Conductor Insulator Copper strip Steel strip
Aluminium strip
Rubber tubing
Plastic strip
Glass slide
Graphite pencil
Remember: It’s a conductor if the bulb lights, if not it’s an insulator!

15. Results Material Conductor Insulator Copper strip yes no Steel strip
Aluminium strip
Rubber tubing
Plastic strip
Glass slide
Graphite pencil

16. Conclusion A conductor allows electricity to pass through it.
Examples: copper, iron, aluminium.
An insulator does not allow electricity to pass through it.
Example: rubber, glass, perspex.

17. Summary
A material which allows electricity to pass through it is a conductor
A material which does not allow electricity to pass through it is an insulator
All metals are conductors such as the copper wire inside an electric cable
Most non-metals are insulators such as the plastic cover on an electrical cable
Insulators are important because they prevent us from getting electrical shocks

18. Success Criteria I can build working circuits.
I know the difference between conductors and insulators.

19. Lesson Starter 1. What is a conductor?
2. Give an example of a material that is a conductor.
3. What is an insulator?
4. Give an example of a material that is an insulator.

20. Learning intention To be able to draw six different circuit symbols
To be able to draw a circuit diagram

21. Circuit symbols Draw this table in your jotters
Name of component
Symbol
Cell
Switch
Wire
Voltmeter
Bulb/lamp
Ammeter

22. Rules for circuit diagrams
Always use a ruler.
Use circuit symbols only.
Circuit symbols are never drawn at the corners of circuit diagrams.

23. Circuit diagrams
Using two batteries and one bulb build a circuit that lights the bulb.
Draw the circuit diagram.
Using three batteries and two bulbs build a circuit that lights the bulb.

24. Circuit diagrams

25. Circuit diagrams
Using two batteries, one bulb and a switch build a circuit where the switch turns the bulb on and off.
Draw the circuit diagram.
Using three batteries, two bulb and a switch build a circuit where the switch turns the bulbs on and off.

26. Circuit diagrams

27. Success Criteria
Can draw the circuit symbols for 6 electrical components.
I can successfully draw a circuit diagram

28. Lesson Starter Draw three circuit symbols.
Draw a circuit diagram with two batteries, a bulb and a switch, where the switch turns the bulb on and off.

29. Learning Intentions To understand the definition of current.
To understand the defintion of voltage
To be able to draw and identify series circuits.

30. Current
Current is the flow of electrons (negative charges) or electricity round a circuit.
It is measured using an ammeter.
Current has the symbol I
It is measured in units called amperes or A

31. Voltage Voltage is the energy given to each electron in a circuit.
We measure voltage using a voltmeter.
Voltage has the symbol V and it has units measured in volts or V.

32. Types of circuits
A circuit is an electrical path around which charge or electricity can flow (current).
There are two types of circuits:
Series
Parallel

33. Series Circuit
In a series circuit there is only one electrical path and all the components are connected in a chain or in a row.
A series circuit looks like this:

34. Series Circuit Summary
Two bulbs connected in series:
If you disconnect one bulb the other bulb goes out.
As you add more batteries the bulbs get brighter.
As you add more bulbs, the bulbs get dimmer.
When one bulb is disconnected, the other bulbs go off.
There is no other route for the electricity.
The charges (current) flows through every component.

35. Series Circuit
Build a series circuit with one battery and one bulb and draw in your jotter.
Add more batteries
Write down what happens.
Begin with one battery and one bulb again.
Add more bulbs
Write down what happens
Disconnect one of the bulbs.

36. Success Criteria I understand the definition of current.
I understand the definition of voltage
I can draw and identify series circuits.

37. Lesson Starter
Draw a series circuit with one battery and two bulbs.

38. Learning Intention
To be able to draw and identify a parallel circuit.

39. Parallel Circuit Build a circuit with one battery and one bulb.
What do you notice about the brightness of the bulb(s) when you add more bulbs in parallel?
What do you notice when you disconnect one of the bulbs?

40. Parallel Circuit
In a parallel circuit there is more than one electrical path.
The different paths for the electricity are known as branches.

41. Parallel Circuit Two bulbs connected in parallel:
If you disconnect one bulb the other bulb stays lit.
Bulbs connected in parallel have the same brightness.
As you add more bulbs in parallel the brightness of each bulb does not change by much.

42. Parallel Circuit
Build a parallel circuit with one battery and one bulb.
What do you notice when you add more batteries?
What do you notice when you add more bulbs in parallel?
What do you notice when you disconnect one of the bulbs?

43. Parallel Circuit
Why do you think parallel circuits are useful in the home?

44. Success Criteria
I can draw and identify a parallel circuit.

45. Electricity Experiences and Outcomes
Having measured the current and voltage in series and parallel circuits, I can design a circuit to show the advantages and disadvantages of parallel circuits in an everyday application.
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46. Lesson Starter
Explain the difference between a series and parallel circuit.

47. Learning Intentions
To be able to draw series and parallel circuits using correct symbols.

48. Homework Complete homeworks 1 & 2 (homeworks are online)
Due Wednesday 28th October.

49. Circuit Diagrams - Exercise 1
Draw a series circuit with one battery and one bulb.
Draw a series circuit with two batteries, one bulb and a switch.
Draw a series circuit with three batteries, two bulbs and a switch.

50. Circuit Diagrams - Exercise 2
Draw a parallel circuit with one battery and two bulbs (one bulb per branch)
Draw a parallel circuit with two batteries and three bulbs (2 bulbs on one branch and one bulb on the other)
Draw a parallel circuit with three batteries, three bulbs (one bulb in each branch) and switches that allow each bulb to be turned on and off separately.

51. Lesson Starter
Draw a parallel circuit with one battery, three bulbs (one bulb in each branch) and switches that allow each bulb to be turned on and off separately.

52. Learning Intentions
To be able to add ammeters into a circuit and understand how to read them.
To understand the circuit rules for current in series and parallel.

53. Ammeters Ammeters are used to measured current.
Current is measured in amperes.
We always put ammeters in series with our bulbs.
Ammeters have the circuit symbol: - - + + A

54. Ammeters Build the circuit opposite.
Draw the circuit diagram for this circuit.
Write your reading for the current next to your ammeter.
Remember the units for current! - - + +

55. Ammeters
Draw this as a circuit diagram!
It should look like - - + + A

56. Ammeter
Now put the ammeter on the other side of the bulb and note the reading. - - + + A

57. Ammeter
An ammeter is a device used for measuring electrical current in a circuit.
An ammeter is always connected in series with other electrical components.
An ammeter is always placed
beside the other
component - - + +

58. Current in a series circuit
Build a series circuit with 2 bulbs and 3 cells.
Draw the circuit diagram.
Add in the ammeter at the 3 places shown and note the readings on your diagram.
What did you find? A1 A2 A3

59. Current in a series circuit
The current at each point was the same!
The rule for this is:
Current of battery = current 1 = current 2 … OR
Isupply = I1 = I2 …
A1 = A2 = A3 A3 A1 A2

60. Current in a parallel circuit
Now we build a circuit with two batteries and two bulbs in parallel.

61. Ammeters
Draw the circuit diagram and then add your ammeter to the places shown.
Write your readings on your diagram.
What did you find? A4 A1 A2 A3

62. Current in parallel rule
The current was different at each point in the circuit.
The rule for this is:
Current of battery = current 1 + current 2 … OR
Isupply = I1 + I2 … A4 A1 A2 A3

63. Success Criteria
I know how to add ammeters into a circuit and understand how to read them.
I know and understand the circuit rules for current in series and parallel.

64. Starter Draw the symbol for an ammeter
Explain how an ammeter is connected to a circuit?

65. Learning Intentions To understand what voltage is
To be able to measure voltage correctly using a voltmeter

66. What is voltage?
Voltage is the term used to describe electrical energy.
Voltage is the quantity of energy that each charge has in a battery or circuit.
The units of voltage is volts (V).

67. Voltmeters Voltmeters have the circuit symbol:
Voltmeters are always connected in parallel or across electrical components.
Voltmeters measure voltage (V). V

68. Voltage in Series - - + + V
Build a series circuit with one bulb and 2 cells.
Add a voltmeter.
Write down the voltage across the bulb. - - + + V V
Remember! Voltmeters always go in parallel.

69. Voltage in Series Detach the voltmeter from your series circuit.
Add another bulb and cell to your circuit.
Measure the voltage across both bulbs and then across the cells. V V V
Draw the circuit diagram and write your voltages beside each bulb.
What did you find?

70. Voltage in Series
The voltage of the bulbs were different, but they added up to the voltage of the cells!
The rule for this is:
Voltage of cells = voltage 1 + voltage 2 +… Or
Vsupply=V1 + V2 …

71. Voltage in Parallel
Now we’re going to find out the rule for voltage in parallel.
Build a circuit with two cells and two bulbs in parallel.
Place a voltmeter across the cells to measure the supply voltage.
Use the voltmeter to then measure the voltage of each bulb.

72. Voltage in Parallel Vs
Draw the circuit diagram and write your voltages next to your cells and bulbs.
What did you find? V1 V2

73. Voltmeter
The voltage across the bulbs was the same as the voltage of the cells.
Voltage of cells = voltage 1 = voltage 2 … OR
Vsupply = V1 = V2…

74. Success Criteria
I know that the voltage is the amount of energy given to each charge in a circuit.
I can use a voltmeter to measure voltage in series and in parallel.

75. Lesson Starter
Draw a parallel circuit with three batteries, two bulbs and one switch (that can be used to control both lights at one time)

76. Current and Voltage
Current:
Series –
Parallel –
Voltage:
Parallel -

77. Nerves of Steel
As a class we want to investigate who has the steadiest hands.
You will be given some apparatus and you will have to come up with an experiment which will prove this!