1. Industrialization in the United States

2. Industrialization begins in Great Britain
It Begins
Industrialization begins in Great Britain
Slow to come to the U.S.

3. Before Industrialization
Life before Industrialization
No electricity
No running water
Most people in the U.S. live on family farms
Long distance travel and communication slow or non-existent

4. 2. New inventions and discoveries between 1850-1900
Americans go on an invention and discovery spree
Patents (license for an invention) go from 36k to 500k
Oil is discovered in 1858
Edison popularizes electricity because of his new invention-the light bulb
Wide spread electricity makes all sorts of new inventions possible
Sewing machines, refrigerators, radios, telegraph and telephone

5. Railroads are expanded cross country (transcontinental railroad) and touch almost every small town in the U.S.
Time zones are created to make national travel more efficient
Displaces the canal system
Bessemer Process-more efficient way to make steel-makes mass production possible

6. 4. The growth of Big Business
Entrepreneurs(people who start businesses) begin to use new inventions and discoveries to make money
Some people thought they were making too much money
No income tax at this time

7. Captains of Industry or Robber Barrons?
John D. Rockefeller-created standard oil
Andrew Carnegie-U.S. Steel
Cornelius Vanderbilt-Railroads
Social Darwinism-The belief that survival of the fittest applies to society. The best will succeed, others will fail

8. Business owners tried to gain the competitive edge by using these techniques
Oligopoly-control of the market by a few companies
Monopoly-control of the market by one company
Trust-Agreement between companies to act like a monopoly
The government tries to stop these unfair practices with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act­

9. Long hours, dangerous conditions, little pay
5. Working conditions
Long hours, dangerous conditions, little pay
Children are made to work in factories

10. 6. Labor Unions-Groups of Workers
Formed to demand better pay and working conditions
Strike-When labor unions refuse to work until demands are met

11. 7. LIVING CONDITIONS
A. Urbanization: Many people moving to cities to find work in factories
Results in overcrowding
Disease and squalor run rampant
B. Immigration: People move to the U.S.to find jobs in U.S. cities
Primarily on the east coast and in certain Mid Western cities
Adds to overcrowding
Ethnic hamlets (ex. China town) form
People tend to settle with other people like them