1. Initiating Rotation while Airborne
1. R R 2. C R 3. T F S

2. Reaction Rotation to Initiate Twist Rotation
while airborne L is constant and ΣT = 0
 rotation action in one direction causes a rotation reaction in the opposite direction
360° full turn/twist requires 8 series of steps alternating I during arm swing/recovery
HJ clearing trailing body parts [straddle, flop]

3. Cat Rotation to Initiate Twist Rotation
 Page 505 FIG 15.8
 Page 503 FIG 15.6

4. Cat Rotation to Initiate Twist Rotation
180° half turn/twist requires 3 steps as follows:
A. place lower & upper axes at an 
B. twist upper body, lower body has small reaction
C. twist lower body, upper body has small reaction
page 505 FIG 15.8

5. Somersault to Initiate a Twist
from symmetrical position, initiate layout back sommie (establish L about ML axis)
move to asymmetrical position [drop rt. arm]
- this reduces I on rt. side of body    about ML axis on that side
- nutation (tilt of body) results and a twist begins
page 506 FIG 15.9

6. Somersault to Initiate Twist Rotation
most effective of the 3 methods of initiating a full twist (360°)
multiple twists (720° rotation or more), performer usually initiates some of the twist from the ground (Freaction) in addition to the airborne maneuvers (symmetrical to asymmetrical during the somersault action)

7. “Kicker” ramp places body in position for g to apply a T to initiate a back sommie

8. Altering k: radius of gyration
page 511 FIG a tight tuck e layout

9. Altering k - radius of gyration
TABLE 15.1 on page read across from left to right
Example from Table 15.1:
moving from position a to position e  diminishes by almost 75 [from 1.00 to 0.28]

10. Manipulating Rotations in Sport
FIG 15.14

11. Manipulating Rotations in Sport
FIG 15.16

12. Manipulating Rotations in Sport
page 515
FIG 15.17

13. Gymnastics Tumbling Skills Less Skilled Highly Skilled
high vvert due to:  power +  takeoff 
 more air time
high  due to:  power +  takeoff
smaller k in flight
low vvert due to:  power +  takeoff 
 less air time
low  due to:  power +  takeoff
larger k in flight

14. Sample Tape: Aid in Prep for Test
1 copy of a sample tape located in each of the 2 video viewing booths (VCR in middle booth not working)
booths located in Thames Hall room 2120A across the hall from the Computer Lab
each booth can hold up to 3 persons