1. Blow, E, Meth and Ice: The Psychomotor Stimulants
Biology/Psychology 3506

3. Introduction Amphetamine NMDA Methamphetamine
D and l, different isomers
Both together, Benzadrine
Just d, Dexedrine
NMDA
Ecstacy
Methamphetamine
Speed

4. Introduction Methylphenidrate Ephidrine Cocaine Cathinone Ritalin
natural
Cocaine
Coca leaves
Cathinone
Qat or chat or khat or whatever…….

5. Introduction All of these are psychomotor stimulants
Operate on the monoamines
E NE DA 5Ht
Which monoamine and how depends on the drug

6. Introduction
Ecstacy and Speed Coke

7. A Little History
Coca leaves have been chewed for thousands of years in South America
Active ingredient was isolated
It cures everything and its fun!!!!!!
Robert Louis Stevenson, Freud, Czar Nicholas II, Henrik Ibsen, Popes.
Big in the patent medicine business

8. Coke adds Life, and a wicked High! The choice of a new generation!

9. History Ephidrine has been around for a long time
Synthetic too!
Pseudoephidrine, popular among athletes
Chat (or whatever spelling you prefer) has been taken for ages in Somalia, Ethiopia etc
Now it is popular (when refined) in Russia
Jeff

10. Administration and Absorption
Oral, more constant
Injection or snort, get a big rushCocaine HCl
Testing for purity showed you could smoke it
Crack!
Peak concentration from 30 min to 3 hr after taking amphetamine

11. Administration and Absorption
Probably more rapid from smoking
Crosses the barriers
Excreted in urine
Metabolized by the liver
Coke has a half life of about 40 min

12. Neruphysiology and Effects
Transmitter Leakage
CA + 5Ht
Increase in amount released
Ecstasy does this with 5Ht
Block reuptake
Coke does this only
In PNS E is released

15. Neurophysiology and Effects
Increases the release of DA in accumens
Reward system again
Cocaine can act as a local as it blocks Na ion channels
Effects
Heart rate increases
Dilation of blood vessels

16. Neurophysiology and Effects
Effectss (continued)
Headaches
Dry mouth
Weight loss
Disrupts sleep
REM rebound later

17. Behavioural Effects Cocaine and speed are indistinguishable Feels good
More energy
Clear mind
Come down later
“Rush”
Speed lasts longer than coke

18. Behavioural Effects Punding Amphetamine psychosis
Sstereotyped behviour
Amphetamine psychosis
Happily, it clears up
DA?
Violence
Sensation gets better
Flicker fusion

19. Behavioural Effects Eliminates fatigue effects on Reaction Time
Flight simulator!
Overlearned taks
Athletci Performance too
Tested for in competition
Sudafed and NHL players

20. Behavioural Effects Nonhumans Increase in SMA
Stereotypical behaviour (like punding maybe)
automutilation
Increases FI, decreases FR responding
Same sort of dynamic effect happens with negatively reinforced behaviour.

21. Behvioural Effects Nonhumans (continued) Dissociative effects too
Discriminable from saline

22. Tolerance Acute tolerance develops quickly to cocaine
Appetite suppressing effects disappear
So do lethal effects
Psychosis, stereotypical behaviour show negative tolerance
Sensitivity?
Withdrawal not that bad
Letdown, amphetamine deppression

23. Administration Cocaine speed Ecstasy Snorted, smoked injected
Run and crash
Or small does
injected
Ecstasy
pills

24. Administration: Non humans
If constantly available monkeys will stop for periods
If limited they’ll titrate
Rats will self-administer
Important for understanding reward model

25. Bad Stuffl
Liver damage
Paranoia
Hallucinations
Tremors
Weight loss

26. Bad Stuff
Indirect effects
Birth Defects?
Crack Babies? OD

27. Treatment
Detox
Contracting
SSRIs, MAOIs etc