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Do Now What moves back into the bloodstream in the PCT?

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Presentation on theme: "Do Now What moves back into the bloodstream in the PCT?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Do Now What moves back into the bloodstream in the PCT?
If a person has a high pH (basic) and glucose in their urine, what condition do you think they have? If I have high levels of ADH in my blood, what will happen in the DCT?

2 By the end of this presentation, you will know the:
The function of the reproductive system Ways in which the reproductive system is different from other body systems The anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive systems The development of the male and female reproductive systems over a lifetime Male hormonal cycles

3 The reproductive system is unique in two important ways
The reproductive system’s function is not related to keeping you alive but to keeping your family’s unique genetic traits within the gene pool. The reproductive system is not at work 24/7 as other systems are. What have you heard or learned about human genetics and the gene pool?

4 Why do you think the egg is so much larger than the sperm?
Both male and female reproductive systems produce gametes Gametes are cells that contain half the DNA of a regular cell. Male gametes are sperm. Female gametes are eggs, also called ova. Why do you think the egg is so much larger than the sperm?

5 What organ is the female gonad?
Male gametes are produced in the testes Each testis (also called a testicle) contains a set of long tubules that produce immature sperm. Organs that produce gametes are called gonads. What organ is the female gonad?

6 The epididymis sits on top of the testes
When sperm enter the epididymis, they are immature. The sperm mature as they make their way through the thin, coiled tube. The tube is about 20 feet long, and the journey takes about 20 days.

7 The testes and epididymis are held in a sac of tissue and skin called the scrotum
The scrotum keeps the testes at a temperature slightly below body temperature.

8 A duct called the vas deferens carries mature sperm to the penis
The vas deferens has walls of smooth muscle. During ejaculation, peristaltic waves in the vas deferens propel the sperm forward. What do you remember about smooth muscle? What is a peristaltic wave?

9 Sperm combines with fluids produced by three different glands to form semen
The prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands contribute secretions that provide nutrients and affect the environment in the female’s vagina and uterus.

10 Semen and urine never mix
When the semen enters the urethra, the bladder sphincter closes. This keeps urine and sperm from mixing.

11 Do Now Why does semen and urine not mix?
Which male reproductive organs make semen? What is made in the testes? What is the difference between mature and immature sperm?

12 A boy’s testes don’t produce sperm until puberty
Beginning at around 10 or 11 years old, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) prompts the sperm-making tubules in the testes to go into action. Luteinizing hormone (LH) prompts other cells in the testes to produce testosterone. What do you know about testosterone?

13 Testosterone maintains sex drive and secondary male sex characteristics
Secondary sex characteristics include facial hair, bone and muscle development, and growth of the larynx. These characteristics also develop during puberty.

14 The male reproductive system changes throughout a man’s lifetime
Testosterone production begins to slow down at around age 30. Many men also experience an enlarged prostate, which can make urination more difficult. How can men slow the onset of age-related symptoms in their reproductive system?

15 Fertilization occurs when male and female gametes meet and fuse into a single cell
A single sperm fertilizing an egg cell The cell that results from fertilization contains the DNA from both gametes.

16 Ovaries are almond-shaped organs located on either side of the pelvic cavity
The ovaries of a baby girl contain the precursors to her egg cells. When a girl reaches puberty, her precursor egg cells begin to mature, one each month, in the ovaries. The mature cell is called an oocyte.

17 After an oocyte matures, it enters the fallopian tube
Fallopian tubes aren’t directly connected to the ovaries, but they drape over them in a funnel shape. Fertilization often occurs in the fallopian tube.

18 The fallopian tubes connect to the uterus
The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ in the pelvis. When a fertilized egg cell arrives in the uterus, it attaches itself to the inner wall, where it stays and develops into a fetus.

19 The cervix is at the base of the uterus
The cervix is a cylinder of muscle. The opening at the center of the cervix widens or dilates as a woman is about to give birth. .

20 The vagina is a passageway for sperm to enter and an infant being born to exit
The environment in the vagina is slightly acidic, inviting some helpful bacteria and discouraging some harmful ones. Why is it important to keep harmful bacteria out of the vagina?

21 What nutrients would you expect to find in milk?
The breasts are secondary sex organs that provide nourishing milk after the baby is born Breasts contain lobules that house special milk- producing cells. The lobules develop during puberty, as do protective fatty tissues that surround them. What nutrients would you expect to find in milk?

22 How are fraternal (nonidentical) twins conceived?
Pregnancy occurs when a sperm penetrates the cell membrane of an oocyte When a sperm enters the oocyte, the nuclei of the two cells fuse. The fertilized egg cell is called a zygote. Only one sperm can fertilize an egg. How are fraternal (nonidentical) twins conceived?

23 The embryo travels to the uterus and attaches to the inner uterine wall
The implanted embryo causes the uterus to make a hormone known as hCG. This is the substance being tested for in a home pregnancy test.

24 The placenta forms from the uterine wall and produces additional hormones
The placenta is made in response to hCG and allows for the exchange of oxygen and wastes between mother and fetus. What happens when the Rh factor of the mother’s blood is negative and the baby’s is positive?

25 Before birth, the fetus produces the hormone oxytocin
Oxytocin stimulates the placenta to release hormones called prostaglandins. Together, these hormones cause the uterus to contract.

26 Oxytocin also stimulates maternal feelings and feelings of affection
Oxytocin initiates the desire of a mother to care for her baby. It also plays a role in the emotional attachments we feel in romantic relationships.

27 Prolactin stimulates production of breast milk
Oxytocin initiates the desire of a mother to care for her baby. It also plays a role in the emotional attachments we feel in romantic relationships.

28 The female reproductive system changes through a woman’s lifetime
Women are most fertile in their 20s. Beginning in their late 30s or early 40s, estrogen and progesterone levels begin to fluctuate. Ovulation gradually becomes less frequent, stopping completely around age 45‒55.


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