1. Future Internet: Infrastructures and Services

2. Cloud Virtual Machine (VM)
Future
Past/Present
CPU
MEMORY
STORAGE OS
Cloud Virtual Machine (VM)
Local Workstation
Terminal & Browser based OS

3. Desktop Apps Cloud Apps Multi-user Applications
No installation for user
Accessible over the network
User subscribes to service
Single-user Applications
Machine specific installation
User buys software

4. Desktop Apps Cloud Apps Local Storage Cloud Storage MS Office
E.g., DropBox
MS Office
Google Docs

5. Cloud Infrastructures
Virtualization
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Cloud Infrastructures

6. Cloud Infrastructures
How the Cloud works…
Virtualization of resources:
Compute, Network and Storage
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Cloud Infrastructures

7. Cloud Infrastructures
How the Cloud works…
Cloud provisioning models
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Cloud Infrastructures

8. Cloud Infrastructures
Cloud Services
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Cloud Infrastructures

9. Cloud Infrastructures
Cloud Main Advantages
Scalability
Elasticity
High Availability
Access from anywhere
Pay as you go
Reduced maintenance, equipment costs
Competitiveness
Security
Disaster recovery
Environmental friendly technology
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Cloud Infrastructures

10. Cloud Main Disadvantages
Limited control, flexibility
Agility and vendor lock-in
Downtime, depending on Internet
Data portability, services interoperability
Service and application migration
Intercloud communications
Data privacy, security
Cloud computing costs
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Cloud Infrastructures

11. Cloud Infrastructures
Scalability
Two types:
Add nodes on the fly!
Create new VMs through software rather than setup new machines.
Upgrade VMs with the click of a button
Add nodes to extend the cloud infrastructure without downtime
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Cloud Infrastructures

12. Cloud Infrastructures
Elasticity
Allows automated scaling in order to adapt to the current demands (by adding new VMs to do the work ?)
Video streaming company
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Cloud Infrastructures

13. Cloud Infrastructures
Refers to the hardware and software components (servers, storage, networking and virtualization software) that support the computing requirements of a cloud
Include a software abstraction layer that virtualizes resources and logically presents them to users through programmatic means
Back-end components
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Cloud Infrastructures

14. Cloud Infrastructures (open source)
Most Cloud Computing platforms are tied to particular cloud providers (Amazon AWS, Micosoft Azure)
Available also as stand-alone software package (mainly IaaS services)
OpenStack (
OpenNebula (
CloudStack ( )
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Cloud Infrastructures

15. Cloud Infrastructures
An operating system for cloud infrastructures that controls large pools of compute, storage and networking resources managed through a web-base dashboard, command line, RESTful APIs
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Cloud Infrastructures

16. Cloud Infrastructures
OpenStack Components
OpenStack is made up of many different parts
Horizon: Dashboard, Web GUI, RESTful API
Nova: on-demand access to compute resources by provisioning and managing networks of VMs
Glance: “image” services, store/retrieve, catalog and repository of virtual disk images (disk format), calls to Swift image store
Swift: store/retrieve object storage system, uses API and ids for referring to files, OpenStack decides storage location, backup, scale
Cinder: block storage
Neutron: define Networks, VM communication as a service
Keystone: authentication and authorization services, user management, permissions to users to access/use services
Ceilometer: Monitoring, counters for billing
Heat: Orchestration service, automates deployment for compute, storage and network resources.
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Cloud Infrastructures

17. Cloud Infrastructures
Horizon: Provides a GUI for basic cloud administration functionality
KeyStone: Authorization. Manages users, tenants, roles etc.
Ceilometer: Monitors, collects and stores usage data
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Cloud Infrastructures

18. Cloud Infrastructures
Heat: Orchestration. Automates deployment for compute, storage
and network resources.
Cinder: Block storage for VMs
Neutron: Networking
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Cloud Infrastructures

19. Cloud Infrastructures
Swift: Object storage service for storing and retrieving data.
Glance: Disk image service
Nova: Compute Service. Schedules and manages VM instances
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Cloud Infrastructures

20. Example OpenStack: Intellicloud (http://cloud.intellicloud.tuc.gr)
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Cloud Infrastructures

21. Cloud Infrastructures
IintelliCloud
Cloud Compute
Cloud Compute
Cloud Compute
Cloud Controller
Cloud Network
Cloud Compute
Cloud Compute
c06.intellicloud
cloud.intellicloud
network.intellicloud
c01.intellicloud
Identity Service (Keystone)
Image Service (Glance)
Compute Service (Nova)
Block Storage (Cinder)
Network Service (Quantum)
Dashboard Service (Horizon)
MySQL Server
RabbitMQ Server
NTP Server
Zabbix
Network Service (Quantum)
Virtual Network Service (OpenVSwitch)
NTP Server
Compute Service (Nova)
Network Service (Quantum)
Virtual Network Service (OpenVSwitch)
KVM Hypervisor
NTP Server
Openstack Grizzly, 8x8 x Dell PowerEdge R320 Intel C600 series
96 CPU Cores (Intel Zeon E5-2420, 1.6GHZ, 15MB Cache
256 GB Ram
16 TB HD drive (8tB with mirroring)
1Gbps up to 10bps backbone, GRNET, Centralized firewall NOC/TUC
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Cloud Infrastructures

22. Physical Network Architecture
Internet
Physical Network Architecture
eth0
c02
c03
c04
c05
c06
c01
cloud
eth0
eth1
/141
eth0
br-ex
network
/142
eth1, br-int
local switch
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Cloud Infrastructures

23. Cloud Infrastructures
Creating VMs
Launch a new VM instance using the glance images
Set flavor (computational capabilities)
Set image (e.g. Ubuntu64)
Set public key
Set security group
Set network
Allocate a new floating IP (based on the intellicloud subnet )
Assign a floating IP to instance (Access & Security)
SSH from remote host using (set: chmod 600 key_name.pem)
ssh -i my_key.pem
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Cloud Infrastructures

24. Cloud Infrastructures
VM Parameters
When you launch VM, you can inject a key pair, which provides SSH access to your instance
You can create at least one key pair for each project. You can use the key pair for multiple instances that belong to that project. If you generate a key pair with an external tool, you can import it into OpenStack.
A key pair belongs to an individual user, not to a project. To share a key pair across multiple users, each user needs to import that key pair.
A security group is a named collection of network access rules that are use to limit the types of traffic that have access to instances.
You specify the following parameters for rules:
Source of traffic: Enable traffic to instances from either IP addresses inside the cloud from other group members or from all IP addresses.
Protocol: Choose TCP for SSH, ICMP for pings, or UDP.
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25. https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/block-storage
Storage System
File system: defines how files are named and where they are placed for storage and retrieval
Hierarchical storage, you need to know the path to retrieve a file
Block storage: data stored in volumes (block), flat address space
Separate pieces of data, no folder structure, no metadata
Each block has an id  by which it can be stored and retrieved
Allows a storage system to spread the smaller blocks on disk, and re-assemble the pieces upon retrieval  
Database storage is a common use for block storage
High performance
Object storage: addresses and manipulates data in units (objects)
keeps the blocks of data that make up an object together and adds all of its associated metadata to that file
Objects are stored inside a single repository, not nested as files inside a folder inside other folders
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26. https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/object-storage
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27. https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/object-storage
Managing Key pairs
Instances launched using Oracle Linux, CentOS, or Ubuntu images use an SSH key pair instead of a password to authenticate a remote user
A private key and public key
Keep the private key on your computer and provide the public key every time you launch an instance
When connecting to an instance using SSH, you provide the path to the key pair file in the SSH command.
You can have many key pairs or just use one key pair for all instances
Create key pairs using OpenSSH on UNIX-style systems (including Linux, Solaris, BSD, and OS X) or PuTTY Key Generator on Windows
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28. Building Applications on the Cloud

29. Cloud Application Use Generic Enablers as building blocks for apps!

30. Cloud Application Business Logic Authentication Database connect GE2

31. Cloud Infrastructures
Generic Enablers
A GE consists of a set of services with common background all designed using the REST architectural style.
Example GE
Services:
Get users
Get user
Delete user
Create new user
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Cloud Infrastructures

32. GE Generic Enablers REST API services GET – POST -DELETE Output:
Call service using the URL:
GET GE
POST
DELETE
Output:
JSON or XML
& response code
GET – POST -DELETE

33. SE Specific Enablers GE2 GE1 REST API Output: JSON or XML
Combination of services from at least 2 different GEs
GE2
GE1 SE
REST API
Output: JSON or XML

34. Example Architecture: Interact

35. Cloud Infrastructures
Interact
Motion Sensors Cloud Driven Gesture Recognition e.g. Leap motion sensor (
Cloud open source software based on FIWARE Generic Enablers.
It operates FIWARE cloud platform and offer their functionality through RESTful APIs
Uses the Protocol Adapter module to adapt to the specific connectivity protocol that the sensor is using (e.g., Bluetooth).
Converts data into the desirable format (e.g., JSON, XML etc.) and schema so it can be processed in the back-end
Developed in TUC ( )
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Cloud Infrastructures