1. Matter, Change and Energy

3. Review

4. Physical Change
A change that DOES NOT change the chemical compostion of a substance.
Examples: melting (and all phase changes), tearing or breaking.

5. States of Matter
Solid – slower moving particles, strong attractions, definite volume and shape.
Liquid – particles move faster than solids, moderate intermolecular attractions, definite volume, no definite shape.
Gas – rapidly moving particles, almost no intermolecular attractions, no definite volume, no definite shape.

6. Changes of States of Matter
Enthalpy- total energy of a system (often mostly in the form of heat).
Remember: A change of state is a physical change.

7. Solid, liquid, or gas?
Solid
Liquid
Gas

8. Chemical Changes Are also known as chemical reactions. Involve energy.
Make a new substance by rearranging atoms.
Are not easily reversed.
Are expressed in a chemical equation:

10. Signs of Chemical Change
Uses or release heat or light or other forms of energy
Changes color
Effuses gas (bubbles)
Forms a precipitant (a not soluble solid)
Odor changes

11. Symbol

12. Classification of Matter
General
Matter
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Pure
Substance
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
Element
Compound
Solution
Mixture
Specific
Order  Disorder

13. Elements
One kind of matter (one kind of atom).

14. Compounds
Two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
Elements have different properties together, than separate.

15. Compounds: The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions
Law of Definite Proportions: The ratios of elements in compounds do not change.
Law of Multiple Proportions: If you change the ratio of elements, it is no longer the same compound.
Example: H2O is water
H2O2 is hydrogen peroxide
They are very different!

16. Allotropes Allotrope: Compounds made of a single element. Allotropes:
Not Allotropes:
Carbon
Allotropes:

17. Heterogeneous: Simple Mixtures
Any two things together with the parts visible.
Can be separated easily.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

18. Separating Mixtures
Filtering
Decanting
Boiling or Distilling
Magnets

19. Homogeneous Mixtures: Solutions
When one substance dissolves (disappears) in another because the atoms or ions separate.
Are transparent, but may be clear or colored.
Two parts: Solute (disappears) and Solvent.

20. Heterogeneous mixtures: Suspensions
Appears homogeneous, but eventually settles or separates.
Are cloudy

21. Hetero- or Homogeneous mixture? Colloids
A permanent suspension because the particles are so tiny.
Are cloudy
Often have a Tyndall Effect.

22. Introduction to the Periodic Table

23. The End