1. Ending WWI and Its Outcomes
Topic 4.3
Ending WWI and Its Outcomes

2. Homefront Recap
The American government increases its strength and control of the American people
Selective Service Act – creates the draft; men ages must sign up and go to war if selected
1st Amendment Issues:
Espionage Act – made it a crime to criticize the war effort
Sedition Act – cannot talk negatively about America or the government
Charles Schenck v. U.S.
Total War
American economy shirts to war production – economic boom
Women and African-Americans in factories at home – 19th Amendment and Great Migration
Use of posters and propaganda to promote the war at home

3. Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points
President Wilson delivered his Fourteen Points speech which described his goals for the post-war world:
No private treaties or alliances
Freedom of the seas
Reduction or militaries and armaments
Removal of trade barriers and establishment of free trade
Autonomy and sovereignty for various states around Europe and the Middle East
Establishment of a League of Nations

4. Treaty of Versailles Creation of new territory and states
Sovereignty of Poland
Austria-Hungary is divided into several new states
Ottoman Empire is dissolved in the Middle East
Germany is punished
Forced to accept blame for starting the war – War Guilt Clause
Required to pay huge reparations to the allies
Lost its navy and reduced its army to a small police force
Creation of the League of Nations
Organization that pledges to defend against aggressors

5. U.S. Senate Rejects the Treaty
The Senate refused to ratify the Versailles Treaty
Henry Cabot Lodge
Main opponent to ratifying the treaty
Joining the League would compromise “freedom of action”
U.S. and Russia do not join the League of Nations
Greatly reduces the strength of the League

6. Outcomes of War
The United States emerged as the strongest world power – not as damaged by the war as other European nations
U.S. became a creditor nation:
U.S. government loaned out a lot of money to help its European allies rebuild
Germany was hit hard by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Led to economic disaster and deeply hurt German nationalism
Paves the way for Adolph Hitler to take power in the 1930s