1. African
Imperialism

2. What We Will Learn Today:
What European nations imperialized Africa?
Who were the Boers?
How did the Zulus respond to European imperialism?
Why were Liberia and Ethiopia the only African nations to remain free?

3. Scramble for Africa
In the 1870s the Belgians began to trade with Africans in the Congo.
Fearing they would miss out on various raw materials, the other European nations scrambled to establish their presence on the continent.
King Leopold

4. Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference
In 1884, to avoid conflict amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for colonizing Africa. No Africans were invited.
Berlin Conference

5. Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference
The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an outpost. Whoever was the first to build the outpost gained that area of land.
Berlin Conference

6. The Boers

7. Southern Africa AFRICA The Boers
In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as Boers settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built Cape Town as a supply station.
In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move north. The British then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.
Boers
Cape Colony
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

8. Southern Africa The Anglo-Boer War
In the late 1800s, the discovery of gold and diamonds in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war.
The war was from and involved bitter guerrilla fighting. The British won, but at a great cost.
British
Boers

9. Boers
Boers
British

10. The Zulus

11. Southern Africa The Zulus
Shaka
Zulu
In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation.
Zulu
Nation
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

12. Southern Africa The Zulus
The Zulus were skilled and organized fighters. Shaka used his power and fought against European slave traders and ivory hunters.

13. Southern Africa The Zulus
The Zulus also fought the Boers as they migrated north from Cape Colony.
Zulu
Nation
Boers
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

14. Southern Africa The Anglo-Zulu War
The Zulus came into conflict with the British as well. In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of Isandlwana.

15. Southern Africa The Anglo-Zulu War
However, it was not long before the superior weaponry of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of Rorke’s Drift.

16. Southern Africa AFRICA European Territory
In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted apartheid.
Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.
South
Africa
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

17. Europeans In Africa Britain France Germany Italy Belgium Portugal
By 1914
Portugal
Spain

18. Britain’s claims in Africa were second in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural resources.
British Territory
Britain controlled Egypt because of its strategic location.

19. France was very powerful in North Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
French Territory

20. The newly formed German empire had to fight many battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa.
German Territory
Germany would lose its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.

21. The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered Libya
The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered Libya. They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa, but were beaten badly by the Ethiopians.
Italian Territory

22. King Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the Congo, and brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Belgium Territory

23. Although the leaders of the old imperialism, the African claims of the Portuguese and Spanish were minimal.
Portuguese Territory
Spanish Territory

24. Liberia and Ethiopia Independent Africans
After the slave trade was outlawed, abolitionists in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.
In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in Liberia. The former slaves named the capital city Monrovia in his honor.
President
Monroe

25. Liberia

26. Liberia and Ethiopia Independent Africans
The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II modernized the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools.
When the Italians invaded they were defeated so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.

27. Ethiopia
Menelik

28. Effects of Imperialism
Positive Results
Negative Results
1. Unified national states created
1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders
2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition
2. Created population explosion  famine
3. Increased agricultural production
3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
4. Improved transportation and communication facilities
4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights.
5. Expanded educational opportunities
5. Downgraded traditional African culture  westernization

29. Effects of Imperialism
European Imperialism by 1914
Britain
France
Germany
Belgium
Home Area
(Square Miles)
94,000
212,600
210,000
11,800
Home Population
(Millions)
45.5 42
67.5
8.3
Global Colonial Area
(Millions of Sq. Miles)
13.1
4.3
1.1
.94
Global Colonial Population (Millions)
470 65 13

30. Effects of Imperialism
European Imperialism by 1914
Region
Percentage Colonized
Australia
100%
Africa
90.4%
Asia
56.5%
Americas
27.2%