1. Transparency … and Accountability May 2011

2. OBI v. Credit Ratings (Hameed, 2010)
Rationale
Fundamental right
Informs voice and political process
Enables accountability
Improves performance in public sector (?)
Reduces risk of corruption (?)
Reduces price of borrowing
OBI v. Credit Ratings (Hameed, 2010)
OBI v. EMBI Sovereign Spreads (Hameed, 2010)

3. Standards Fiscal Transparency Accounting and Auditing Fiscal Data
Assessments
Purpose (enforcement, advocacy, diagnostics, assessment)
Scope (fiscal v. budget, government, autonomous bodies)
Legitimacy (ownership, quality control, transparency)

4. Legal and Institutional Framework
Organic Budget Law
Legislature’s Regulations
Local Government
Right to Information Law
Institutional
Legislature
Ministry of Finance
Government Agencies
Autonomous Entities
Local Government
Supreme Audit Institution

5. G20 Countries’ Routine Reporting, 2011
Routine Reports
Plans
Pre-Budget Statement
Executive’s Budget Proposal
Enacted Budget
Public Procurement
Budget Execution Reports
Financial Statements
Audit Reports
G20 Countries’ Routine Reporting, 2011
 Produced and publicly available.  Produced for internal use.

6. Meaningful Information
Accessible
Comprehensive
Relevant
Timely
Contextual
Reliable
Understandable

7. Challenging Issues External Assistance Funds, Autonomous Entities
State-owned Enterprises
Tax Expenditures (exemptions, rate relief, tax deferral, credits)
Liabilities (public pensions)
Contingent Liabilities (guarantees, social security)
Quasi-fiscal operations (financial, trade, enterprises)
OECD Estimates of net unfunded liabilities of public sector pension plans on fair value basis % GDP (2008)

8. Off and On Budget Items

9. Policy Analysis Government Policy Process Spending Reviews
Program Evaluations
WBG
CFAA / PEFA
Public Expenditure Reviews
Public Expenditure Tracking
Institutional & Governance Reviews
Development Policy Reviews

10. Alternative Budgets

11. Participation & Social Monitoring
Implementation
Social Auditing
Participatory Monitoring
Community Oversight
Planning
Budget Consultations
Participatory Budgets

12. Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives
EITI Extractive Industries
CoST Construction
MeTA Pharmaceuticals
Fiscal Transparency?
Government, Private Sector and Civil Society equal partners
Agreed Standard
Membership Application
Independent Validation
Publication of payments by companies and government revenues received
Credible, independent audit
Reconciliation by independent administrator
All companies (including state-owned enterprises) participate
Civil society involved in design & monitoring

13. Using Information Technology
Efficiency of Education Spending
Efficiency of Health Spending

14. Useful Resources