1. Cultural Achievements
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2. I. Science & Philosophy
Scholars at Baghdad & Cordoba translated ancient writings into Arabic

3. II. Astronomy
Improved astrolabe to chart stars & figure out location. Later used for exploring seas
Observatory in Delhi, India ’s
Greeks invented but Muslims improved

4. III. Geography
A. Ibn Battutah traveled to Africa, India, China, & Spain in 1320s. B. Made more accurate maps C. Calculate distance D. Geographer al-Idrisi collected info from Arab travelers for accurate locations. Proved land didn’t go all the way around the Indian Ocean

5. IV. Math
A. Combined Indian number system including use of “O” with Greek math. B. Al-Khwarizmi created al-jabr or ‘algebra’
Omar Khayyám
Omar Khayyám was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet

6. V. Medicine
A. Studied Greek & Indian medicines & added own discoveries B. Created tests for doctors to pass C. Made encyclopedias for drugs D. Wrote descriptions of disease E. Started first pharmacy F. 1st Muslim public hospital in Baghdad (diagnosed & treated smallpox)

7. VI. Philosophy
Sufism: (people called Sufis) people can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God

8. VII. Literature
A. Poetry & short stories B. Omar Kyayyam wrote “The Rubaiyat”, about faith, hope, & other emotions. C. “The Thousand and One Arabian Nights” included Aladdin, Sinbad the Sailor, Ali Baba & the 40 thieves, etc.

9. VIII. Architecture
A. Mosques honored Allah B. Rich & rulers patrons of architecture C. Minarets- towers from which Muslims are called to prayers D. Built palaces, marketplaces, and libraries with complicated domes and arches, colored brick, and decorated tiles

10. IX. Art
A. Most Muslim art doesn’t include animals or people (only Allah can create these images) B. Calligraphy – decorative writing C. Painted decorative writing on tiles, wove it into carpets, hammered it into steel sword blades, etc.