1. BELLWORK (pgs )
Describe the economic role of Latin America in the global economy.
How were foreign powers involved in the Latin American economies?
List 5 ways the Latin American economies were impacted by the outbreak of WWI.
Describe the role of the U.S. in Latin America post-WWI.
THINKER: Why did Latin American countries declare war on Germany?

2. Involvement in the Americas
Bolivia: Severed relations with Germany - April 13, 1917
Brazil: Severed relations with Germany - April 11, 1917 & Declared war on Germany - Oct 26, 1917
Canada: Declared war on Germany (link to UK) – August 1914
Costa Rica: Severed relations with Germany - Sept 21, 1917 & Declared war on Germany - May 23, 1918
Cuba: Declared war on Germany - April 7, 1917
Ecuador: Severed relations with Germany - Dec 8, 1917
Guatemala: Declared war on Germany - April 23, 1918
Haiti: Declared war on Germany - July 12, 1918
Honduras: Declared war on Germany - July 19, 1918
Nicaragua: Declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary - May 8, 1918
Panama: Declared war on Germany - April 7, 1917 & Declared war on Austria-Hungary - Dec 10, 1917
Peru: Severed relations with Germany - Oct 6, 1917
Uruguay: Severed relations with Germany - Oct 7, 1917

3. ALLIED POWERS
CENTRAL POWERS
NEUTRAL COUNTRIES

4. Involvement in the Americas
Reasons for Involvement:
WWI disrupted markets for L.A. goods and made it difficult to import necessary manufactured products
Threat of submarine warfare
As a result, economy shifted from agriculture to manufacturing in order to produce these necessary goods
Declines in price levels of Latin America’s exports encouraged a further growth in manufacturing
Encouraged by U.S.
Although manufacturing increased, industrialization was almost completely limited to light consumer good industries
High poverty remained
Impact of Involvement:
The U.S. will emerge from WWI as the world’s principal industrial and financial power, and replaced England as the major source of foreign investments in Latin America
Continuing the “big stick” and “dollar diplomacy” policies of their predecessors, the U.S. used armed intervention and economic pressure to expand U.S. control over the Caribbean area.
By the end of the period, there was deep Latin American resentment of these strong-armed tactics
Countries push for total economic and political independence

5. Brazilian Involvement in WWI

6. Economic Troubles
Brazil initially adopted a neutral position in an attempt to maintain the markets for its export products, mainly coffee & latex
These products were not considered essential by foreign consumers, customs duties and export fees (the main source of government income) so they decreased as the conflict continued.
The problem increased with the German blockade of Allied ports, and then by a British ban on the importation of coffee in 1917.
The British government now considered the cargo space on ships necessary for more vital goods, given the great losses of merchant ships as a result of German attacks.

7. From Neutrality to War
Relations between Brazil and the German Empire worsened when Germany announced their unrestricted submarine campaign
Rio Branco sunk!
On April 5, 1917, the large Brazilian steamship Paraná (4,466 tons) was torpedoed and sunk
The ship was carrying coffee and traveled in accordance with the demands made on neutral countries
Three Brazilians were killed.

8. Protests
When news of the sinking broke out in Brazil, protests erupted
The protesters attacked shops and properties owned by Germans or their descendants
For example, the Hotel Schmidt (left), the Germany Society, the German newspaper (Deutsche Zeitung), the German school (Gesellschaft Germania) and German restaurants, houses, clubs and factories were all raided, looted and burned.
Protests also broke out from the anti-war side - unionists, pacifists, and anarchists

9. Diplomatic Consequences
April 11, 1917 Brazil broke diplomatic relations with Germany
May 20, 1917 the ship Tijuca was torpedoed near the French coast by a German submarine. In the following months, the Brazilian government seized 42 German merchant ships that were in Brazilian ports.
July 27, 1917 the steamer Lapa Brazil was hit by three torpedoes from a German submarine.
October 23, 1917 the Brazilian freighter Macau, one of the vessels seized in the course of the war, was torpedoed by the German submarine U-93 near the coast of Spain, and the captain taken prisoner.

10. Brazilian Involvement in WWI
October 26, 1917: the Brazilian President Venceslau Bras declared war against Germany
The only Latin American country to be directly involved in the war
The major participation was the Navy's patrol of areas of the Atlantic Ocean
Land operations limited to sergeants and officers who fought under Allied units (mainly French) in order to train them in modern techniques.

11. President Bras signing Brazil’s declaration of war (also pictured: Minister of External Affairs Nilo Pecanha and the governor of the Brazilian state Minas Gerias Delfim Moreira)

12. Brazilian Navy
The Secretary of Navy ordered the use of the naval fleet in an anti-submarine campaign
Ministerial Notice No. 501 (30 Jan 1918) established the Naval Division for War Operations (Divisão Naval em Operações de Guerra - DNOG), composed of units drawn from the fleets that formed the Navy in Brazil.
The dreadnoughts Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo, and two scout cruisers, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul were some of the major warships of the DNOG

13. Post-WWI Brazil Brazil participated in the Versailles Peace Conference
One of the founding members of the League of Nations
Treaty allowed Brazil to keep 70 seized ships
Financially compensated by Germany for lost coffee shipments
Caused Brazil to move away from dependency on agriculture and develop industry

14. ALLIED POWERS
CENTRAL POWERS
NEUTRAL COUNTRIES

15. Review Venn Diagram: WWI in the Americas
With regards to reasons for involvement in WWI, what do Canada, Brazil and the U.S. have in common?

16. Discussion
Group 1: Review Cuban involvement & similarities with Canada
Group 2: Review Canadian involvement & similarities with Brazil
Group 3: Review Brazilian involvement & similarities with Cuba

17. Discussion
Patriotism was a common societal value during WWI. Do you think people are more/less patriotic today? Would citizens in modern America be willing to ration or buy bonds in the event of another war? Explain!

18. WWI in the Americas Case Study: Cuba
Effects of U.S. occupation:
Yellow Fever
Dependence on U.S.
The rapid and huge influx of U.S. investment into sugar enabled the larger mills to buy surrounding land and create monopolies
Impoverished rural areas and peasants
Slave-like conditions
Mills imported cheap labor from other Caribbean islands (Jamaica & Haiti)
Unemployment in agriculture created massive growth of cities (poor living conditions)
Sugar monopolies controlled the railroads and used them for their own benefit
By 1913, U.S. companies invested $200 million into sugar, which accounted for 1/5 of total U.S. investments in all of L.A.

19. 2014 HOA Info….. Cuban Involvement Wkst due Thursday!
Unit 3 Terms & Review
This week: American involvement & start Russian Revolution
Next week: Russian Revolution & Establishment of Communism
NO CURRENT EVENT on May 6th (tips for success IB forum in lecture hall – pds. 5 & 6)
May 11-13: End of WWI and Treaty of Versailles
May 14-15: Term Card work day & review
May 18: Term Cards due! Review Jeopardy!
May 20: Final exam!

20. 2014 WWI Propaganda Project
Can be from the perspective of any country involved (include translations)
You are creating your own, NOT recreating someone else’s propaganda
Must be neat, legible, creative, and organized
It must be hand-drawn; NO computers
I am NOT grading on artistic ability, I am grading on your ability to understand the characteristics of propaganda and how they were used during WWI
This is worth 40 points and due Monday 4/28!

21. WWI PROPAGANDA