1. Plant Structures Roots, Stems, and Leaves

2. What are plants?
Photosynthetic ,eukaryotic , multi-cellular organisms .
The plant structure can be classified into two major regions :
The shoot system (stem and leaves); located above ground
The roots (located underground)

3. Specialized Organs in Plants
Stems
Support for the plant body
Carries nutrients throughout plant
Defense system to protect against predators and infection
Few millimeters to 100 meters

4. Two Main Types of Stems Herbaceous Stem Woody Stem
Green, fairly bendable
Covered with bark

5. Specialized Organs in Plants
Leaves
Main photosynthetic systems
Susceptible to extreme drying
Sight of oxygen/carbon dioxide intake and release

6. Specialized Organs in Plants
Roots
Absorbs water and nutrients
Anchor plant to the ground
Hold soil in place and prevent erosion
Protect from soil bacteria
Transport water and nutrients
Provide upright support

7. Specialized Tissues in Plants
Plant tissue systems
Exist within the root, stems, and leaves
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue

8. Specialized Tissues in Plants
Dermal Tissue
Outer covering
Single layer of cells
acts as protection

9. Specialized Tissues in Plants
Vascular Tissue
Transport System
Subsystems
Xylem
Phloem
Subsystems are used to carry fluids throughout plant

10. Vascular Tissue System
Xylem -carries water from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Phloem- carries sugar from the leaves to the rest of the plant

11. Kinds of Plants
There are two kinds of plants; non-vascular plants which don’t have xylem and phloem and vascular plants which do have xylem and phloem.

12. Specialized Tissues in Plants
Ground Tissue (cortex)
Cells between dermal and vascular tissue
Provides structure
Sometimes involved in photosynthesis

13. Common Types of Plant Tissue
Parenchyma
Thin cell walls, large vacuoles
Collenchyma
Strong, flexible cell walls
Sclerenchyma
Extremely thick, rigid cell walls

14. Stem Structure Dermal tissue-protection Vascular tissue-transport
Composed of three tissue layers
Dermal tissue-protection
Vascular tissue-transport
Ground tissue-sometimes performs photosynthesis
Contain nodes – attachment for leaves
Internodes – regions between the nodes
Buds – undeveloped tissue
Petiole-the stalk of the leaf, which joins the leaf to the node of a stem.

16. Stem Types
Stem Types
Monocot – vascular bundles are scattered throughout
Distinct epidermis
Dicot – vascular tissue arranged in a cylinder
Pith – parenchyma cells inside the ring

17. Roots
Root Functions
Anchor plant
Absorb water
Absorb nutrients

18. Root Structure Root Structure can be divided into four layers
Epidermis-outside layer (protection)
Cortex-typically stores food
Endodermis-control movement of materials into vascular tissue
Central cylinder – vascular system
Key role in water/mineral transport

19. Root Structure

20. Roots Types of Roots Taproots Found in dicots Long, thick root
Hickory and oak trees
Fibrous roots
Found in monocots
No single root larger than any other
Many thin roots

21. Leaves Main sight of photosynthesis Consist of:
Blade – thin flattened section
Petiole – stalk that attaches stem to blade
Covered by epidermis and cuticle
Create water proof barrier

22. Structure Helps to catch more light energy
Wide
Helps to catch more light energy
Thin
Help get carbon dioxide from bottom to top of leaf for photosynthesis

23. Leaves Leaf Functions Photosynthesis – occurs in the mesophyll
Palisade mesophyll – absorb light
Spongy mesophyll – beneath palisede level
Stomata – pores in the underside of the leaf
Guard Cells – Surround the stomata

24. Leaf structure Greener on top CO2 gets in here
What kingdoms are the above organism members of? What characteristics do they have in common? How are they different?
What kingdoms are the above organism members of? What characteristics do they have in common? How are they different?

25. Organization of Living Organisms
Vascular Plants
Is composed of
Organ Systems
are composed of
Organs
Tissues
Cells
are composed of
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells