1. Bacteria

2. Charcteristics of Bacteria
PROKARYOTES
no membrane-bound organelles
no true nucleus (single circular chromosome)
DNA is concentrated
into a region called
a nucleoid
cell wall
prevents
osmotic rupture

3. Charcteristics of Bacteria
Some bacteria have a capsule
gelatinous secretion
provides cell with additional protection
helps bacteria to adhere to host
Bacteria with capsules
are more likely to cause
diseases

4. Charcteristics of Bacteria
Some bacteria contain a flagellum
works like a propeller
and moves the bacteria
through a fluid environment
Some bacteria have pili
helps bacteria stick to
surfaces and each other
exchange DNA during
sexual reproduction
Charcteristics of Bacteria
                                                   

5. Reproduction Bacteria may reproduce in 1 of 2 ways: Binary Fission
________________
ASEXUAL reproduction (no exchange of genetic material)
cell simply divides into two equal parts
Binary Fission

6. Reproduction Conjugation _______________
Simple type of SEXUAL reproduction
genetic material is transferred from one bacteria to another through pili

7. Respiration in Bacteria
Obligate Anaerobes
a. ____________- cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Facultative Anaerobes
b. ____________- can live with or without oxygen.
11. Respiration in Bacteria
a. obligate anaerobes-cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
b. facultative anaerobes- live with or without oxygen
c. obligate anerobes-cannot survive without oxygen
Obligate Aerobes
c. ____________- cannot survive without the presence of oxygen.

8. Bacteria Classification
TWO KINGDOMS
_________________
2. _________________
ARCHEABACTERIA
A. Bacteria Characteristics
Kingdom Monera
Introduction
EUBACTERIA

9. Classification
ARCHAEBACTERIA
- Members of this small kingdom live only in extreme places such as high salt environments and hot acidic water of sulfur springs

10. Classification
1) Methanogens - live in oxygen free environments and produce methane
2) Halophiles - live in waters of extreme salinity
3) Thermoacidiphiles - live in hot acidic waters of sulfur springs

11. Hydrothermal Vents
A sulfide-rich "black smoker" vents hot water into the cold ocean. Microbial extremophiles live on the vented minerals, anchoring a food chain of worms and other organism.

12. EUBACTERIA Classification inhabit wide array of habitats
larger of two bacterial kingdoms
inhabit wide array of habitats
different types of metabolism

13. HETEROTROPHS VS. AUTOTROPHS
Eubacteria Nutrition
HETEROTROPHS VS. AUTOTROPHS
_____________: Take nutrition from other living organisms
____________: feed on dead and/or decaying matter
_____________: use the sunlight as a source of energy
Photo-Autotrophs
_____________: use energy that results from a chemical reaction
Chemo-Autotrophs
Parasitic
Saprobes
9. Movement – flagella (Click on “movement to view animation”)
10. Nutrition
a. hetertrophic – depend on other organisms for food
1. Parasitic – take nutrition from living things
2. Saprophyte – feed on dead, decaying material
b. autotrophic – produce their own food
1. Photoautotrophic – use sunlight as a source of energy
2. Chemoautotrophs-
a. use energy from chemical reactions
b. nitrogren fixation- process by which gaseous N2 is converted to ammonia compounds (ex. NH4, NO3)

14. Spherical Spiral Rod Filamentous 5. What shape are they?
b._______________
c._______________
d._______________ a. b. c.
Spherical
Spiral
Rod
The word “spiral” is hyperlinked to a short video.
3. Microscopic (click on “Microscopic” to view the scale of bacteria, will open internet website independently of powerpoint).
4. Live in nearly every environment
(hot springs, deep sea vents, Antarctic ice, mouth, animals, people, soil, everywhere!)
5. Shape
a. spherical- cocci
b. spiral- spirilli
c. rod- bacilli
Filamentous

15. Classification Bacterial Groups Staphylo Strepto
a. _________________: forms clusters
Staphylococcus
Strepto
b. _________________: forms filaments or chains
Streptococcus

16. Adaptation Endospores
resistant, dehydrated, cell with a thick cell wall
formed when environment is unfavorable
germinate and give rise to new bacterial cells when conditions are good.
Anthrax Spores

17. Decomposers/ Natural Cycle!
Helpful Bacteria
Aid Digestion!
Also--
Decomposers/ Natural Cycle!
Bioremediation!
Food/Preservatives!
Pesticide Control!
Treat Wastewater!
Make milk into yogurt!
Make antibiotics!
                                      
C. Helpful Bacteria
1 fermentation of alcohol
2 insecticides
3 milk fermentation=yogurt
4 clean up oil spills
5 sewage treatment
6 decay and digestion
© Eric MacDicken

18. Nitrogen Fixation
Symbiosis: plant gains useable source of nitrogen/ bacteria use sugars supplied by the plant
The nodules on soybean roots contain Rhizobium bacteria that convert nitrogen gas into ammonia.

19. Diseases Disease Causing Agents Examples of bacterial disease:
estimated that half of all human diseases are caused by bacteria 
Examples of bacterial
disease:

20. Tuberculosis
b. tuberculosis

21. Diphtheria
d. diphtheria- exotoxins

22. Botulism
e. Botulism –exotoxins (food borne, infant, avian, wound)

23. Tetanus
f. Tetanus - exotoxins

24. Syphilis
STD
h. syphilis

25. Cool Fact
During the day the bobtailed squid, Euprymna scolopes, remains buried in the sand of shallow reef flats. As the sun sets, the nocturnal animal emerges from its safe hiding place and searches for food. It is thought that the squid camouflages itself by projecting light downward from its light
organ. Inside the light organ
are luminescent bacteria,
Vibrio fischeri, that produce the
light.

26. Zone of Inhibition