1. Walt Pozgay Quality Test Engineer GE Appliances, a Haier Company
Electricity Basics
Walt Pozgay
Quality Test Engineer
GE Appliances, a Haier Company

2. The Atom Proton – Positive Charge Neutron – Neutral Charge
Electron – Negative Charge

3. The Valence Shell Outermost ring of electrons.
Most responsible for electrical property of a material.
8 Valence electrons make a stable atom.

4. Insulators Stable Valence Shell.
Most plastics and glasses are good insulators.
Most common insulators in electronics are
Plastic/Rubber
Glass/Ceramic
Air

5. Conductors Fewer Valence Electrons. Most metals are good conductors.
Most common conductors in electronics are
Silver (1)
Copper (1)
Aluminum (3)

6. Semiconductors Usually 4 Valence Electrons.
Sort of conductors and sort of insulators.
Most common semiconductors in electronics are
Silicon (4)
Carbon (4)

7. What is electricity?
Electricity is energy caused by the difference between charges.
When the difference in charge is enough to apply force to an electron to make it move, that force is called Voltage.
When electrons are forced to move, the flow of electrons is called Current.

8. Ohm’s Law
𝐈= 𝐕 𝐑

9. The Circuit Source of Voltage
Resistance to control Current and make work happen
Path for Current

10. The Source
Creates a surplus of electrons on one side (negative, cathode) and a deficiency of electrons on the other (positive, anode).
Voltage is between the anode and the cathode.
Electrons always move from negative to positive. In DC, negative and positive stay on the same side. In AC, they change sides periodically.

11. The Load Does the work of the circuit.
Voltage is felt across the load. Current flows through the load.

12. The Path Creates a controlled route for the electrons to flow.
Current is along the path and is constant at every point on the same path.
The path must provide at least one continuous route for the electrons from the source’s cathode to the anode.

13. The Circuit

14. The Open Circuit

15. The Short Circuit