1. HONR 229L: Climate Change: Science, Economics, and Governance
Hydro, Geo &Wind
Your name here
18 October 2018

2. As always, I suggest consideration of working the admission ticket questions into the presentation. You could begin with the AT questions associated with hydroelectricity.
Q1: Hydroelectricity is currently the world’s most used renewable energy source for the production of electricity. According to Olah et al.:
a) what was the percentage share of hydroelectricity for world electricity production in 2005?
b) what percentage of the overall potential of world hydroelectricity was being tapped in 2005?
c) based on these numbers, if the world's governments decided to fully exploit the available potential to generate electricity via hydroelectric plants, approximately how much of the world electricity demand could be met?

3. As always, I suggest consideration of working the admission ticket questions into the presentation. You could begin with the AT questions associated with hydroelectricity.
Q1: Hydroelectricity is currently the world’s most used renewable energy source for the production of electricity. According to Olah et al.:
a) what was the percentage share of hydroelectricity for world electricity production in 2005?
b) what percentage of the overall potential of world hydroelectricity was being tapped in 2005?
c) based on these numbers, if the world's governments decided to fully exploit the available potential to generate electricity via hydroelectric plants, approximately how much of the world electricity demand could be met?
After this is covered, you are welcome to provide an update about what has happened since 2005 (i.e., not much change in the % share due to hydro since 2005) using the next four slides (two of which I had already shown during the solar lecture … fine to show again)

4. World Electricity Supply: units of Energy
Wind, Solar, Geothermal
In 2014, world obtained
40.7% of its electricity from coal and 22.3% from renewables
Electricity constitutes ~38% of world energy

5. U.S. Electricity Supply: percentage share of energy provided
If you show this slide, please highlight that in 2016, production of electricity in the US due to natural gas
first exceeded production due to the combustion of coal

6. U.S. Electricity Supply: percentage share of energy provided
If you show this slide, please highlight that in 1950, the U.S. once got 30% (wow!!!) of our electricity
from hydro, but um times have a changed.

7. World Electricity Generating Capacity: Power
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass

8. If you’d like to work in data for the United States and Md, you are welcome to use the next two slides *or* you can, should you have time and desire, pull in other slides you can find on the web.
Fine either way: i.e. using, not using, or using an alternate form 

9. U.S. Electricity Supply: 2017
United States obtains ~64% of its electricity from fossil fuels,
20% from nuclear & ~16% from hydro, wind, biomass, and solar

10. MD Electricity Supply: 2017
Hydro: 5.6%
Solar: 3.1%
Bio: 1.6%
Wind: 0.6%
Maryland obtains ~46% of its electricity from fossil fuels,
43 % from nuclear & ~11% from hydro, wind, biomass, and solar

11. Should you so desire, you could poll the class and see if they know the top 3 states for generation of electricity from hydro?
The answer for 2017, according to
is Washington, California, and New York. I’d be surprised if anyone were to answer this correctly.
Note this other website has fantastic info
(i.e. hydro is at that you can explore for great graphics. This website has a map indicating that for 2017, the top three states for electricity from hydro were Washington, California, and Oregon. Looks like some debate exists over what state is #3 for 2017 . I suspect that Calif ranks so high because electricity generated from the Hoover Dam, in Nevada, is consumed in Calif. Also, FYI, the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington is presently the largest in our nation. Fine to explore this all as much, or as little, as you’d like.

12. At some point, should cover this AT question:
What would be some of the criticisms, both socially and environmentally, to a decision by the world’s governments to fully exploit the available potential to generate electricity via hydroelectric plants?
Note: the reading covers this in detail; I suggest starting with material from the reading, perhaps
supplementing with your own brief research.

13. Typical nuclear plant: 1000 MW
Hydro
Typical coal plant: 550 MW
Large coal plant: 800 MW
Typical nuclear plant: 1000 MW
Largest Capacities:
Itaipú, Paraná River, South America: 14,000 MW
Built 1975 to 1991
Volume of iron and steel: enough to build 380 Eiffel Towers
Volume of concrete :15 × that of Channel Tunnel between France and England
You are also welcome too make use of this slide,
which I grabbed from the other class I teach. If you use, please conduct your own mini-research on both of these projects and please ask the students to guess what percentage of China’s electricity needs are provided by Three Gorges Dam. Of course you’ll need a second slide with the answer. Will be interesting to see if anyone can come close to the correct answer.
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

14. Typical nuclear plant: 1000 MW
Hydro
Typical coal plant: 550 MW
Large coal plant: 800 MW
Typical nuclear plant: 1000 MW
Largest Capacities:
Itaipú, Paraná River, South America: 14,000 MW
Built 1975 to 1991
Volume of iron and steel: enough to build 380 Eiffel Towers
Volume of concrete :15 × that of Channel Tunnel between France and England
Three Gorges Dam, Yangtze River, China: 22,500 MW
 Fully operational in 2012
 Cost: $22.5 billion or 1 million $ / MW
 Largest construction project in China since Great Wall
 1 million people displaced
 Provides 3.0% of China’s electricity needs
Source:
Now second
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

15. Typical nuclear plant: 1000 MW
Hydro
Typical coal plant: 550 MW
Large coal plant: 800 MW
Typical nuclear plant: 1000 MW
Largest Capacities:
Itaipú, Paraná River, South America: 14,000 MW
Built 1975 to 1991
Volume of iron and steel: enough to build 380 Eiffel Towers
Volume of concrete :15 × that of Channel Tunnel between France and England
Three Gorges Dam, Yangtze River, China: 22,500 MW
 Fully operational in 2012
 Cost: $22.5 billion or 1 million $ / MW
 Largest construction project in China since Great Wall
 1 million people displaced
 Provides 3.0% of China’s electricity needs
Source:
Here is some more info you can convey, in your own words:
In 2012, the Three Gorges Dam in China took over the #1 spot of the largest hydroelectric dam (in electricity production), replacing the Itaipú hydroelectric power plant in Brazil and Paraguay.
Three Gorges Dam has a generating capacity of 22,500 megawatts (MW) compared to 14,000 MW for the Itaipú Dam.
But, over a year-long period, both dams generate about the same amount of electricity because seasonal variations in water availability on the Yangtze River in China limit power generation at Three Gorges Dam for a number of months during the year.
Now second
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.
Answer is ~1.7%
Originally, they had thought 3%, but demand for electricity has sky rocketed

16. Geothermal
I sometimes ask an AT question about what aspect of Earth’s geology was crucial for the economic viability of obtaining electricity from Geothermal. Of course I was referring to the temperature of accessible water. Might want to being by asking this question, and pulling info from either: or
of any other web resource you’d like, to inform students that there are some places better for situating a geothermal electricity plant than other places
There are also nice global maps you might want to try to find.
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

17. Geothermal
Here is the AT for Geothermal, which might be worth reviewing, since I doubt most of the class realized this form of “renewable” energy also releases CO2
a) What gas constitutes 90% of the effluent of a geothermal plant?
b) What is the ratio of the release of this gas from a geothermal plant compared to the amount generated by a typical fossil fuel power station?
c) What can be done about the release of this gas to the atmosphere from geothermal plants?
d) Are you surprised to learn about this nuance of geothermal plants?
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

18. Geothermal
I think you have enough here (should you follow these suggetions) that you do not need to contrast low earth geothermal for heating & cooing with the generation of electricity via geothermal. Your call.
If you decide not to present on low earth geothermal for heating & cooling, might want to still spend a brief amount of time researching this topic, in case the issue arises in discussion 
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

19. Wind Could lead with the wind related AT question, which reads:
According to Olah et al., electricity from wind is the fastest-growing energy source in the world.
a) What is the ratio of installed wind capacity at the end of 2007 compared to 1992, and where has most of this growth occurred?
b) According to the reading, what are some of the challenges that must be overcome, if the world is to more fully realize the promising future for electricity generation via wind?
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

20. Wind: US Can pull maps that could be shown from:
Might want to emphasize that:
Wind power varies as [Wind Velocity]3
Installation benefits from accurate knowledge of wind fields
Some sites are simply much better than others for wind
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

21. Wind: MD
Would be great to budget for maybe a 10 min discussion of wind energy for Md, including a summary of the Maryland Offshore Wind Energy Act
Here are some useful links from which you can pull information. Feel free to use other links
(overview)
(politics)
(connection to the grid!)
(latest)
(nice overview article)
Here, might want to note who in Md is opposing off shore wind (author of first bill on second website listed above) and how ironic, for the area he represents, that he is taking this position.
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

22. This template should allow the 45 mins to be filled with interesting discussion.
Fine to stick to the template and also fine to diverge … your call how to use the time and in what direction to take the discussion!
Good luck!
Figures from Olah et al. reading to follow … am including them all, even though I doubt all (or even most) will be used.
Note: Originally, Three Gorge Dam was to provide 10% of China’s electricty needs. Demand has skyrocketed since the original plans were in place.

23. Here are the figures from the reading:

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