1. Haileybury Astana IGCSE Biolgogy

2. Learning objectives State the effects of the HIV virus
List the ways that the virus is transmitted.
Give ways of reducing transmission

3. Transmission
Human Immonodeficiency Virus HIV causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
AIDS makes a person more vulnerable to other diseases such as PNEUMONIA.
They may develop CANCERS because one roll of white blood cells is to destroy cancerous cells.
It is passed from person to person through body fluids including SEMEN and BLOOD.

4. Through sexual activity
The virus is not viable (does not survive) outside of the body.
The virus can survive in the fluids of the urethra, vagina and rectum.
It can be transmitted through semen.
In some parts of the world, it is more common, due partly due to people having many sexual partners and a reluctance to use condoms (or lack of availability) e.g. sub-Saharan Africa.
Condoms reduce the chances of transmitting the HIV virus

5. Through blood transfusions and blood products
This was particularly and issue when the disease was first discovered.
Many haemophiliacs contracted AIDS through Factor VIII that was taken from donated blood.
Today, blood is screened for HIV before being used.

6. From mother to baby
HIV can be transmitted during birth and through breast feeding.
Antirectroviral drugs are given during pregnancy and mothers are often advised not to breast feed.

7. People who have died of HIV