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copyright cmassengale

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1 copyright cmassengale
Classification copyright cmassengale

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Classification: The logical grouping of organisms based on criteria & characteristics of “biological significance.” Why is classification important? To understand how organisms are related and how they are different. copyright cmassengale

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Taxonomy: Branch of science that classifies organisms & names them using “Binomial Nomenclature.” Binomial Nomenclature: Scientifically accepted naming system using two names. Genus - ALWAYS CAPITALIZED! species- always lower cased! Names are Latin – universal language Ex. red oak Scientific Name = Quercus rubra Genus species copyright cmassengale

4 Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale

5 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names
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6 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists
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7 Benefits of Classifying
Accurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Sea”horse”?? copyright cmassengale

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Changes in Taxonomy: Originally Carolus Linnaeus only used physical characteristics to group & name organisms. Now Taxonomists also use: Phylogeny- examining how organisms are related to each other based on evolution. Organisms that are decedents of each other therefore should be classified and named to show that relationship. AKA: Classification is based on evolutionary relationships copyright cmassengale

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 Cladograms: a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship between organisms copyright cmassengale

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Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales copyright cmassengale

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Primate Cladogram copyright cmassengale

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Genetics: Similarities in an organism’s DNA, RNA and genes can be used to help determine how organisms are related to each other. DNA evidence can also show the evolutionary relationships of species and how species have changed over time. copyright cmassengale

13 Classification Groups
Taxon is a category into which related organisms are placed copyright cmassengale

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King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti! copyright cmassengale

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16 Domain is the broadest taxon. There are three domains:
1. Archaea Kingdom: Archaebacteria 2. Bacteria Kingdom: Eubacteria 3. Eukarya-most complex with nucleus and membrane bound organelles Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia copyright cmassengale

17 ARCHAEA Probably the 1st cells to evolve Live in HARSH environments:
Sewage Treatment Plants (Methanogens) Thermal or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles) Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) - Halophiles Domain Archae Kingdoms Archaebacteria Cell Type-Prokaryote or Eukaryote  Prokaryotes # of cells- Unicellular or Multicellular or Both  Unicellular Cell structure- cell wall composition  Cell wall made of proteins Nutrition- Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both  Both copyright cmassengale

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ARCHAEAN copyright cmassengale

19 BACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE
Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones Important decomposers for environment Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. Domain Bacteria Kingdoms Eubacteria Cell Type-Prokaryote or Eukaryote Prokaryotes  # of cells- Unicellular or Multicellular or Both Unicellular  Cell structure- cell wall composition  Cell wall made of peptidoglycan Nutrition- Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both Both  copyright cmassengale

20 Live in the intestines of animals copyright cmassengale

21 Protista Are often aquatic Domain Eukarya Kingdoms Protista
Cell Type-Prokaryote or Eukaryote  Eukaryotes # of cells- Unicellular or Multicellular or Both Both (most are unicellular)  Cell structure- cell wall composition Cell wall made of cellulose, but not all protists have cell walls  Nutrition- Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both  Both Are often aquatic copyright cmassengale

22 Fungi Domain Eukarya Kingdoms Fungi Cell Type-Prokaryote or Eukaryote
# of cells- Unicellular or Multicellular or Both Both (most are multicellular)  Cell structure- cell wall composition Cell wall made of chitin  Nutrition- Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) copyright cmassengale

23 Plantae Domain Eukarya Kingdoms Plantae
Cell Type-Prokaryote or Eukaryote Eukaryotes  # of cells- Unicellular or Multicellular or Both Multicellular   Cell structure- cell wall composition Cell walls made of cellulose Nutrition- Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both Autotrophs (perform photosynthesis) Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death. copyright cmassengale

24 Animalia Domain Eukarya Kingdoms Animalia
Cell Type-Prokaryote or Eukaryote Eukaryotes  # of cells- Unicellular or Multicellular or Both Multicellular   Cell structure- cell wall composition No cell walls Nutrition- Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both Heterotrophs Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death. copyright cmassengale

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Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms Characteristics given in pairs Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism copyright cmassengale

28 Example of Dichotomous Key
1a Tentacles present – Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent – Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles – 3 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4 3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5 copyright cmassengale

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Quick Write p 106: Why is it important to place living things into categories? copyright cmassengale1.

Quick Write p 106: Why is it important to place living things into categories? copyright cmassengale1.
1 Classification Chapter 17 copyright cmassengale.

1 Classification Chapter 17 copyright cmassengale.
1 Classification. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that.

1 Classification. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that.
1 Classification Chapter 17. 2 Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Thousands.

1 Classification Chapter Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Thousands.
1 Classification copyright cmassengale. Standard 2a Explain how organisms are classified. copyright cmassengale2.

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. Standard 2a Explain how organisms are classified. copyright cmassengale2.
1 Broadest, most inclusive taxon Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Three domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus.

1 Broadest, most inclusive taxon Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Three domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus.
Science Venn Diagram All of these sciences are related and overlap!! copyright cmassengale1 G Genetics EE Evolution Taxonomy.

Science Venn Diagram All of these sciences are related and overlap!! copyright cmassengale1 G Genetics EE Evolution Taxonomy.
1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only.

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only.
1 Classification. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that.

1 Classification. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that.
1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only.

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only.
1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 1.5 million identified/named species There are 1.5 million identified/named species New organisms.

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 1.5 million identified/named species There are 1.5 million identified/named species New organisms.

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