1. THE HEART AS A PUMP REGULATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
Heart Rate via sympathetic & parasympathetic nerves
Stroke Volume
Frank-Starling “Law of the Heart”
Changes in Contractility
MYOCARDIAL CELLS (FIBERS)
Regulation of Contractility
Length-Tension and Volume-Pressure Curves
The Cardiac Function Curve

2. Autoregulation
(Frank-Starling “Law of the Heart”)
CARDIAC OUTPUT = STROKE VOLUME x HEART RATE
Contractility
Sympathetic
Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Nervous System

3. CARDIAC FUNCTION CURVE
THE FRANK- STARLING “LAW OF THE HEART”
15-
Increased
Contractility
10-
CARDIAC OUTPUT (L/min) 5- -4 +4 +8
RAP mmHg

4. WORK OUTPUT OF THE HEART
1.VOLUME PRESSURE CURVE
2.REGULATION OF HEART PUMPING
A.FRANK-STARLING MECHANISM
B.AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
C.CALCIUM AND POTASSIUM
D.EFFECT OF TEMERATURE 4

8. Pressure Volume Loop
Late Systole

9. Pressure Volume Loop
Early
Diastole

10. Pressure Volume Loop
Late
Diastole

11. Pressure Volume Loop
End
Diastole 11