1. Answer the following questions in your notebook.
What assassination sparked an armed conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that resulted in the First World War?
Name at least two factors that may have played a role in starting the First World War.
Germany’s Schlieffen Plan called for a two-front war with which two nations?
The neutrality of which European state was violated when Germany invaded France in 1914?
What was the name of the mutual defensive alliance formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy? What was the mutual defense alliance between Britain, France and Russia called?

2. Define and memorize the following terms and their meanings: Triple Alliance, Triple Entente, conscription, mobilization, propaganda, Schlieffen Plan, trench warfare, war of attrition, total war, bourgeoisie, proletariat, planned economies, soviet, war communism, abdicate, armistice, mandate, reparation, Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles
Identify the following individuals as that relate to the First World War and Russian Revolution: Archduke Francis Ferdinand, Gavrilo Princip, Emperor William II, Czar Nicholas II, Grigory Rasputin, Aleksander Kerensky, Vladimir Lenin, Woodrow Wilson

3. WORLD WAR I

5. Prelude to World War Causes: Militarism Alliances Nationalism
Industrialization
Assassination

6. Military Alliances
Triple Alliance (1882)- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Triple Entente (1907)- Great Britain, France, and Russia

7. Tension Leading to War
Germany and Britain?
Moroccan Crises
1905
1911

8. Crisis in the Balkans Austria-Hungary (multinational state)
Nationalism in the Balkans
Pan-Slavism
Desire to develop a united Slavic nation (Yugoslavia)
A-H annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1908
1st Balkan War, 1912
2nd Balkan War, 1913
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia
The Black Hand/Serbian Nationalists

10. Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, June 28, 1914

11. Gavrilo Princip

12. Declarations of War A-H wished to take action against Serbia
Germany supported A-H
A-H declared war on Serbia, July 28, 1914
Russia mobilized against Germany and A-H
Germany declared war on Russia and France
Germany mobilized against France and violated Belgian neutrality (Schlieffen Plan)
Britain declared war on Germany for breaking Belgian neutrality

13. Germany’s Schlieffen Plan

14. World War I Alliances
Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, and later Japan and Montenegro
Central Powers- Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire.
Italy?

15. World War I and its Destruction

16. Total War- a war that involves complete mobilization of troops and materials over large areas. The war affects the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.
Mobilization- the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war.

17. Germany’s Schlieffen Plan

18. The Battle of the Marne The Germans were advancing NE of Paris
The French army organized a force to resist the Germans
The Germans retreated (only about 50 miles from Paris) and dug trenches
The Western Front was created
Trench Warfare
war of attrition- a war in which each side tries to wear the other down by constant attack

19. The Western Front

20. The Western Front

21. Trench Warfare

23. Cross-Section of a Trench

26. Life in the Trenches

29. Trench Foot

31. Rats in the Trenches

33. Body Lice

35. The End to War

36. Russia’s withdrawal from the war in 1918
U.S. entry into the war in 1917
Spring France was weakening, British and German reserves were diminishing
March the Germans launched a final offensive against the Allies, gaining considerable ground
July Second Battle of the Marne
With the aid of U.S. troops, the Allies launched an effective counterattack that continued until September, 1918
The resistance of the Central Powers in other areas of the war crumbled
November 11, 1918, Germany signed an armistice

37. The Paris Peace Conference
January 1919
delegates from 27 nations attended
Representatives from the Central Powers and Russia were not included
The “Big Four”
Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France
Prime Minister David Lloyd-George of Britain
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy
President Woodrow Wilson of the United States
Wilson’s idealism and Europe’s nationalism

38. The Big Four Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando Italy
President Woodrow Wilson
United States
Prime Minister David Lloyd-George Great Britain
Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau
France

39. Woodrow Wilson and the Restoration of Peace
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
freedom of the seas and of trade
reduction of military weapons
an end to all secret alliances
self-rule for all nations
“general assembly of all nations”
“no annexations, no contributions, and no punitive damages”
France and Britain demanded reparations

40. WWI Casualties 9 million soldiers killed 21 million soldiers wounded
Around 30 million soldiers killed or wounded
13 million civilians died from disease and starvation
Armenians?
The war destroyed Europe
Governments went bankrupt
Revolution was rife in Eastern Europe
A new Europe had to be formed

41. The Treaty of Versailles
June 28, 1919
War Guilt Clause
Reduced the size of the German army
Prohibited Germany from manufacturing major war weapons
Reduced Germany’s territorial size
Germany was required to pay extensive reparations
Restructuring of Austria-Hungary

42. Restructuring of Europe

44. Germany developed deep resentment in response their loss of the war and Allied treatment after the armistice.
The Treaty of Versailles left Germany weak and humiliated.
This resentment, which lingered for over two decades, later resulted in even greater violence in the form of German Nazism.

45. The Russian Revolution

46. The First World War and Russia
The Russians were not prepared for total war
No competent military leaders
Russian industry
Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra
Grigory Rasputin
*Continued military and economic disasters created tremendous discontent among the people of Russia.
The March Revolution
Working-class women in St. Petersburg demanded “peace and bread”

47. Provisional Government- March 12, 1917
Czar Nicholas II was encouraged to abdicate
Alexsander Kerensky
Continuation of the war
Kerensky made a poor call in continuing the war
Problems:
Workers and peasants wanted peace
soviets (council of workers and soldiers) emerged all over Russia
Bolsheviks

48. The Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin
Opposed capitalism
Advocated violent revolution as a means to effect positive change
Lenin’s Promises:
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918)
Assassination of the royal family
Civil War ( )
Red Terror

50. Test Preparation Study all of Chapter 14
Be well familiar with Chapter 14 vocabulary words
Review and study all notes