1. Direct Effect – case law
dr Justyna Bazylińska-Nagler Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

2. Direct Effect of Treaty provisions:
Vertical: Van Gend & Loose C-26/62 [1963] ECR 1
Horizontal: Gabrielle Defrenne v SABENA C-43/75 [1976] ECR 455
Principle of non-discrimination in place of work (Article: 157 TFEU)
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

3. Direct Effect of international agreements:
Demirel C-12/86 [1987] ECR 3719
Sevince C-192/89 [1990] ECR I-3461
Association agreements may have direct effect
BUT NOT - GATT/WTO:
Polydor C [1982] ECR 329
Portugal v Council C-149/96
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

4. EU international agreements: see Article 218 TFEU i.e.
TTIP - Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
CETA - Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (mixed agreement)
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

5. Direct Effect of regulations:
Commission v Italy, C - 39/72 [1973] ECR 101
Direct Effect of decisions:
Grad, C – 9/70 [1970] ECR 825
(decisions may grant rights to individuals even not their adressees)
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

6. Direct Effect of directives:
Vertical:
Yvonne Van Duyn v Home Office C- 41/74 [1974] ECR 1337
Ratti C-148/78 [1979] ECR 1629
Case 152/84, M. H. Marshall v. Southampton,
Horizontal – NO:
Paola Faccini Dori v Recreb Srl C‑91/92
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

7. Incidental direct effect of directives :
CIA Security v Signalson C- 194/94 [1996] ECR I
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

8. State responsibility for damages [for non-compliance with EU law]:
Francovich C-6, 9/90 [1991] ECR – I 5357
C-46/93 i C-48/93, Zb. Orz. 1996, s. I-1029 Brasserie du Pecheur SA v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Factortame Ltd et al. v. Secretary of State for Transport,
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

9. Procedural autonomy of Member States principle Principles and rights:
Effective legal protection for EU law
„Member States shall provide remedies sufficient to ensure effective legal protection in the fields covered by Union law”(Art. 19 TEU)
Right to effective remedy
”Everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by the law of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal in compliance with the conditions laid down in this Article” (Art. 47 EU Charter)
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

10. principle of equivalence
Rewe-Zentralfinanz eG & Rewe-Zentral AG v. Landwirtschaftskammer für das Saarland, Case: C-33-76
principle of equivalence
The remedies and forms of actions available to ensure the observance of national law must be made available in the same way to ensure the observance of EU law:
Prohibition of different treatments for rights stemming from national law and rights stemming from EU law
Prohibition of discrimination between national law claims and EU law claims.
principle of effectiveness
The national procedural rules shall not make the enforcement of EU law-based rights or excessively difficult
“...it was not intended to create new remedies in the national courts to ensure the observance of Community law other than those already laid down by national law.” (Rewe C-158/80)
dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

11. dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

12. dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law

13. dr Justyna Bazylińska Chair of Public International Law & European Union Law