1. Photosynthesis
Edwin P. Davis, M.Ed.
Biology - Chapter 8

2. Cells
Biology - Chapter 8

3. Cells
Biology - Chapter 8

4. Plant & Animal Cells
Biology - Chapter 8

5. Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

6. Photosynthesis – Chapter 8
Biology - Chapter 8

7. Time Line Jan Ingenhousz Joseph Priestley Jan van Helmont
Experiment to see if plants grew by taking material out of soil. He measured the amount of soil then planted a seed and let it grew. After 5 years, he measured the weight of the soil and found it was the same as the original weight. Water and Carbon Dioxide account for the weight of the plant.
Carbon from carbon dioxide is used to make sugars. Water is used to hydrate the plant.
Pristley:
When a lit candle is placed under a jar, it will burn out. Priestly placed a plant under the jar with the candle and waited a few days. The candle could be re-lit after a few days because the plant had produced oxygen which is necessary for fire to burn (or the candle to stay lit)
Ingenhousz:
Ingenhousz found that Priestley’s experiment only worked when the plant was exposed to light.
Joseph
Priestley
Biology - Chapter 8

8. Significant People Helmont: trees gain most of their mass from water
Priestly: plant releases oxygen
Ingenhousz: water plants produce oxygen bubbles in the dark!
Biology - Chapter 8

9. Section 8-1: Energy & Life
 Autotrophs: Plants and other organisms that is able to make their own food by using light energy from the sun. Plants are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food.
Biology - Chapter 8

10. Energy & Life
Heterotrophs: are organisms that cannot make their own food. Heterotrophs obtain their energy from the foods they consume.
 Examples: Impalas eat grasses
Leopards obtain energy stored in autotrophs by feeding on animals
Biology - Chapter 8

11. ·     Chemical Energy: Living things use chemical energy stored in cells and released in the form of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Biology - Chapter 8

12. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use energy from the sun to transform water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds.
Biology - Chapter 8

13. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis happens when water is absorbed by the roots of green plants and is carried to the leaves by the xylem, and carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll.
Biology - Chapter 8

14. Key Terms
Photosynthesis- process by which autotrophs convert sunlight to a usable form of energy.
Pigment – molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light (reflects others)
Chlorophyll – most common photosynthetic pigment

15. Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

16. Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

17. Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

18. Reactions of Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

19. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Biology - Chapter 8

20. Photosynthesis
The green pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active energy of light into a latent form that can be stored (in food) and used when needed.
Biology - Chapter 8

21. Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

22. Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

23. Pigments found in plants
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Carotene
Main pigment responsible
Biology - Chapter 8

24. Why do plants appear green?
Light is absorbed in the blue and red spectrum. Light in the green and yellow spectrum is reflected so plants look green.
Biology - Chapter 8

25. Biology - Chapter 8

26. Wavelength Absorption

27. Vocabulary Chlorophyll: Pigment that absorbs light.
2. Chloroplast: Where photosynthesis occurs.
3. Photosystem: light-gathering units found in thylakoid membrane.
4. Thylakoid: Photosynthetic membrane
5. Granum: Stack of thylakoids
6. Stroma: Area outside of thylakoid membrane.
Biology - Chapter 8

28. Structure of a Chloroplast
Thylakoid – “pancake”- shaped
-contains chlorophyll
Grana - stacks of thylakoids
Stroma - gel surrounding grana

29. Biology - Chapter 8

30. Chloroplast
Biology - Chapter 8

31. Inside a chloroplast
Biology - Chapter 8

32. Inside a chloroplast
Biology - Chapter 8

33. 1. Light-dependent reaction: takes place in thylakoid membrane
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.
Happens in 2 stages:
1. Light-dependent reaction: takes place in thylakoid membrane
2. Calvin cycle: takes place in stroma
The light-dependent reaction occurs in the thylakoid membranes.
The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.
Biology - Chapter 8

34. Light Dependent Requires light
Uses light to make energy which will be used to make glucose
ATP and NADPH
O2 is released as a
by product (waste gas)
Biology - Chapter 8

35. Calvin Cycle Does not require light Occurs in the stroma
Create glucose
The Calvin cycle is often called the dark rxn or the light-independent rxn because it can occur without light being present.
Biology - Chapter 8

36. What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?
Glucose - (6-Carbon molecule)
Biology - Chapter 8

37. Light Dependent Reactions
1. Occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplast.
Pigments that aid in photosynthesis Chlorophyll a (major pigment) and Chlorophyll b (accessory pigment).
Biology - Chapter 8

38. Light Dependent Reactions
When chlorophyll a is hit by light, the electrons inside is elevated to a higher energy level (it is "excited"), the excited electron is then passed to a Primary Electron Acceptor.
  The pigments in the thylakoid space organize themselves into Photosystems.
Biology - Chapter 8

39. Light Reactions & Calvin Cycle
Biology - Chapter 8

40. Biology - Chapter 8

41. Biology - Chapter 8

42. Biology - Chapter 8

43. Biology - Chapter 8

44. Photosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

45. Photosynthesis Vs. Chemosynthesis
Biology - Chapter 8

46. Autotrophs Vs. Heterotrophs
Biology - Chapter 8

47. Cellular Respiration
Biology - Chapter 8

48. Use the following to fill in the above Venn Diagram:
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Use the following to fill in the above Venn Diagram:
heterotroph energy conversion CO2 -reactant
autotroph oxygen required oxygen -waste
24 hours per day glucose-product CO2 -waste
daylight glucose –reactant H2O -reactant
break bonds chloroplast light chemical bond energy
make bonds mitochondria glucose ATP
Biology - Chapter 8