1. 9/25 Warm-up
Name the process in which the constitution can be changed.
What are the 3 branches of government and what are their specific duties?

2. #4 Ch 2 S 3 Details: Visit Teacherweb.com for details
Notes & Read Ch 2 S 3 All
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Test planned for Friday, go study!!!!

3. The Articles of Confederation & The New Constitution
Chapter 2
Section 3
The Articles of Confederation
&
The New Constitution

4. Standards Addressed
11.1.2: Analyze the ideological origins of the American Revolution, the Founding Fathers' philosophy of divinely bestowed unalienable natural rights, the debates on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and the addition of the Bill of Rights.
11.3.5: Describe the principles of religious liberty found in the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment, including the debate on the issue of separation of church and state.

5. Content Objective
Discuss the debates on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and the addition of the Bill of Rights.
Discuss the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment

6. In need of a Government Revolution ends
A government needed to run the new nation
How should the new government work?
Government of people by people and for people
The people rule (democracy)
Citizens vote for others to represent their interests (republic)

7. Weak vs. Strong Government
New government put in place
Articles of Confederation
Intentionally made weak to avoid a King
Weaknesses
Each state has equal vote (population)
Amending is difficult
No court system
No president
Cannot handle national problems

8. Constitution put in place
Convention called
Start drafting a new constitution
Issues
Government power
How much though?
Population representation
How to count slave populations?
How to address differences in populations between states?
State power vs. Federal power
Which matters more?
Separating power
Ensuring federal government power is limited

9. The Great Compromise
James Madison’s Virginia Plan- a Bicameral, or two house, legislature with membership based on each state’s population
William Patterson’s New Jersey Plan, which proposed a single house congress in which each state had an equal vote
Sherman’s Great Compromise- offered a two house congress. Each state had equal representation in the senate, or upper house. The population size of each state determined its representation in the House of Representatives, lower House. Voters of each state chose the House of Reps, Legislatures chose the Senate

10. What to do with Slaves?
Southerners want slaves to count to boost their population
The 3/5 Compromise = 3/5 of a state’s slave population counted toward overall population for House of Reps

11. Checking For Understanding
What was the first government set up after the revolution?
Articles of confederation
What were some problems with that government?
Weak- no power
It lacked elasticity
Hard to change
No court system
No leader

12. Checking For Understanding
Which plan of govt was favored by states w/ small populations, w/ large populations?
Small states: New Jersey Plan
Large states: Virginia Plan
How were the slaves counted when it came to representing them for population purposes?
3/5 compromise counted 3/5 of a state’s slave population

13. Comparison: A of C vs. Constitution

14. The New Constitution-Division of Powers
The new government divided powers between the state (local) and federal (national) governments.
Federal powers = delegated, or enumerated powers
Include control of foreign affairs and trade between states
State’s powers = reserve powers
Include providing education
Powers of taxes and courts are held on both levels

15. Separation of Powers Three branches of government
Legislative  makes laws
Executive  carries out laws
Judicial  hears cases based on breaking those laws
Checks and Balances prevented one branch from dominating the other two

16. 3 Branches of U.S. Government

17. Changing the Constitution
Constitution is flexible and can be changed through the amendment process

18. Ratifying the Constitution
Constitution had to be ratified by 9 of 13 states (approved) to take effect
Federalists- people who supported a federal government (Constitution)
Knew the nation needed a strong central government in order for the nation to be effective
Anti-Federalists- people who went against a federal government (Constitution)
Feared that a federal or national government would have too much power (King)

19. Checking For Understanding
What were supporters of the constitution called?
Federalists
What were opponents of the constitution called?
Anti-federalists

20. Road to Ratification Originally, no bill of rights in Constitution
A bill of rights is a formal summary of citizens’ rights and freedoms
Anti-federalists wanted a bill of rights added to ensure personal freedoms; they got it in exchange for a vote ratifying the Constitution

21. Adoption of a Bill of Rights
12 amendments submitted 10 passed and added to the Constitution as the Bill of Rights
The first 8 are about the personal liberties the states had requested
9th makes clear people’s are not restricted to those mentioned in the Constitution
10th clarifies that people and states have all powers not mentioned held by the federal government in Constitution
Originally, the Bill of rights did not apply to everyone
Native Americans and Blacks were excluded from these rights
Women were not mentioned

22. Continuing Relevance of the Constitution
A living document- changes with the times
Elasticity clause in Article I Section 8 allows it to be a living document
Expands the powers of the government for unforeseen circumstances

23. Establishment & Free Exercise
In 1st Amend. It states that the government cannot establish a national religion
Free Exercise
In 1st Amend. Allows individuals to freely practice any religion in the U.S. as long as it does not violate any laws.

24. #4 Ch 2 S 3 Details: Visit Teacherweb.com for details
Notes & Read Ch 2 S 3 All
Margin ?s: B-F (5)
Visit Teacherweb.com for details
Test planned for Thursday, go study!!!!