1. Phenomenon: DNA is the code to life
Phenomenon: DNA is the code to life. Small mistakes within the DNA can have huge impacts.

2. Gather Information: Extract DNA from Strawberries
Amoeba Sisters DNA & RNA Structure
Guided Notes and view powerpoint on Its Learning

3. DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"

5. DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

6. DNA FACTS established by James Watson and Francis Crick
Shape of a double helix

7. codes for your genes  (traits)
made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

8. What is a nucleotide? Base Sugar A Nucleotide has three parts:
Phosphate
Sugar(DEOXYRIBOSE)
Base (A,T,G,C)
Phosphate
Base
Sugar

9. Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> Thymine Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar
held together by  hydrogen bonds

10. Base Pair Rule
One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G
Other side:

12. Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid
2.  What is the shape of DNA? ______________
3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________ and ______________
4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________
5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _______________

13. 6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________
7.  What is the complementary sequence:  
C A T  T  A G
8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds.
9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________
10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? ____________________

14. DNA REPLICATION
the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)
SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

15. DNA Replication
Helicase enzyme “unzips” the DNA
New bases are added to each of the old strands
Polymerase enzyme “zips” the DNA
TWO new strands are formed - Half has the original DNA, other half has new DNA bases

17. RNA - the messenger
*single strand
*ribose sugar
*contains no thymine, uracil instead
*follows base pair rule, but A ⇒ U
DNA:   A  T  A   G  C  G
RNA:  

18. RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

20. What is a gene?
A section of DNA, with many bases that codes for a protein
Results in a TRAIT

21. How does DNA make a protein?

22. DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

23. Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNA
Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA