1. Kinds of STI’s

2. STI’s caused by pathogens including:
bacteria, viruses, protozoans
Most common STI’s in America are:
trichomoniasis, hpv and chlamydia

3. Chlamydia Most common bacterial infection
Can be cured with antibiotics
Male symptoms: painful, frequent urination, discharge
If untreated can lead to urethritis
Female symptoms: often none, yellowish discharge
if untreated can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection of the reproductive organs
PID can lead to infertility or an ectopic pregnancy
Can transmit it to baby, can suffer damage to the lungs or eyes

4. Genital Herpes Viral STI
1 in 5 people ages 12 and older are infected with a herpes simplex virus
Symptoms: hardly noticeable for some, painful blisters on/near genitals
Once infected, can experience outbreaks for life
Woman can infect infant during childbirth, causing blindness and possibly death

5. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Most common viral infection
Most cases have no symptoms
Some forms can cause genital warts which may itch/burn
Warts can be removed by doctor but may reappear
Sometimes the body’s immune system will destroy the virus, clearing the body of infection, others have it for life
Associated with cervical cancer in women
Pap smear helps to detect cancer cells

6. Gonorrhea Bacterial STI
Affects urinary tract of males and reproductive organs of females
Male symptoms: (most none), thick, puslike discharge and painful urination
Untreated leads to urethritis and infertility
Female symptoms: (most none), painful urination, puslike discharge
Untreated leads to PID and infertility
Can transmit it to baby during birth, baby given special eyedrops to prevent infection
Treatment includes antibiotics

7. Syphilis Bacterial infection, progresses through stages
Stage 1 – painless “chancre” sore appears at site of exposure
Stage 2 - sores in mouth, flu-like symptoms, non-itchy rash on hands and feet
Stage 3 – symptoms disappear for years, bacteria attacks brain and heart
Stage 4 – if untreated, leads to brain damage, paralysis and death

8. Syphilis (cont.)
Early stages it can be treated and cured with antibiotics
Pregnant women can pass disease to developing baby
if she doesn’t receive treatment can damage the baby’s: skin, bones, eyes, teeth, liver – “congenital syphilis”

9. Trichomoniasis “Trich”
Caused by: protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina
Male symptoms: painful urination, clear discharge, itching or none
Female symptoms: itching, burning, smelly yellowish discharge and painful urination
Can prescribe medication to cure
If not treated, can lead to urethritis – an inflammation of the lining of the urethra, females develop vaginitis, a vaginal infection, irritation

10. Pubic Lice and Scabies
Infection of pubic hair by insects and the skin by mites
Symptoms: itching, rash
How spread: direct physical contact with infected person, infected clothing/bedding
Treatment: medicated shampoo, wash clothing/bedding in hot water

11. Hepatitis B or C, are sexually transmitted and affect the liver
Also spread by blood to blood infection
Symptoms: none (or person is unaware), fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, jaundice
Lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis
Diagnosed by a blood test
Medications help but there is no cure
HBV vaccine is available, but not one for HCV

12. STI’s--- Seeking Treatment
High risk – checkups every 6 months
If think infected – get a checkup immediately, refrain from sexual activity (and other high risk behaviors)
Finish all prescribed meds
Notify current and past sexual partners
All info. is confidential

13. HIV and AIDS

14. HIV – human immunodeficiency virus
As of 2014, 1.2 million Americans infected
Worldwide:
2.1 million adolescents (ages 10-19) living with HIV in 2013
37 million people living with HIV
Viral infection that leads to AIDS, when the immune system becomes severely disabled

15. AIDS – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV attacks helper T cells, an important part of the immune system, it disables the body’s defenses against pathogens
HIV infects helper T cells, it kills these cells, and new viruses are released from that cell that move on to destroy others
The number of helper T cells is counted to monitor the infection

16. Stages of HIV Infection
Asymptomatic Stage:
Often within 3-4 weeks of exposure to HIV an infected person will experience symptoms including: fever, swollen glands, tiredness
These symptoms usually go away after a few weeks and are generally followed by months or years of no symptoms of the disease

17. Stages of HIV Infection
Symptomatic Stage:
When a person starts to experience symptoms that may include: weight loss, persistent fever, diarrhea, fungal infections
May appear 7-10 years after infection

18. Stages of HIV infection
AIDS
Marked by a very low number of helper T cells
More susceptible to infections

19. Opportunistic Infections – infections that attack a person’s weakened immune system
Tuberculosis, fungal infections, recurrent pneumonia, pneumocystis carinni pneumonia (a lung disease), and Kaposi’s sarcoma (a type of skin cancer)
May also experience severe weight loss, virus may attack brain and nervous system
Death is usually caused by opportunistic infections

20. Transmission Any form of sexual intercourse with an infected person
Through shared needles that are contaminated with an infected person’s blood
Through contact with the blood or blood parts of an infected person
From infected mother to child, either during pregnancy, during birth, or by breastfeeding
Safe behaviors – not spread through casual contact and donated blood has been tested since 1985

21. Prevention
The only no-risk sexual behavior with respect to HIV is abstinence
Avoiding drug use
Avoid contact with blood or body fluids
ex. razors, toothbrushes, syringes, piercing and tattoo needles

22. Treatment HIV and AIDS cannot be cured
Medications are used to help treat the disease

23. Testing The blood is tested by a doctor for HIV antibodies
A person who is diagnosed as being infected with HIV is said to be HIV positive

24. Warm Up Activity
On a blank sheet of paper, write your name at the top. Answer the following questions WITHOUT using your notes or the book.
Name one pathogen that causes STIs.
Name one of the three most common STIs in America.
What is the STI discussed yesterday that has a vaccine?