1. Earth—The Water Planet
Ch 2 Notes
Earth—The Water Planet

2. What is the structure of water?
Water is a compound that contains two ____ atoms (+) and one ____ atom (-). Due to the electrical charges water is known as a _____ _______ . Chemical formula is H2O.
Looks like Mickey Mouse.

3. What are water’s key properties?
_____ _____—water’s ability to cling to substances around it.
Surface tension—water’s ability to form bubbles (penny lab).
Universal solvent—water’s ability to ______ most substances.
Specific heat— the amount of energy needed to change the ______ one degree. (ocean is cool on hot summer days)

4. What happens when water changes states of matter?

5. What is buoyancy?
_____ force placed by water on any object in the water. This force is what allows large steel ships and boats to float. The force up must be _____ than the pull of gravity down for the object to float.
The ______ the surface area the more buoyant force acting on the object.

6. What is density?
Density is the mass of an object divided by that objects _______.
D=m/v.
Units for density are (g/mL or g/cm3)
Density and buoyant force are the two items that determine if an object _____.
If an objects density is less than water’s (1.0g/mL or 1.0 g/cm3) the object _____; greater than it _____.

7. How is water distributed on Earth?
Water is broken into two major categories
_____ water comprising 97% of all water on Earth (oceans, seas, bays, etc)
______ water comprising 3% of all water on Earth (rivers, lakes, ice, underground, and etc). Of the fresh water 76% of all fresh water is in the form of ice.

8. What is the water cycle?
cycle that moves water from the surface of the Earth up to the atmosphere and back down to the Earth again.
Includes the following processes _________, ____________, and __________.

9. Water Cycle Diagram

10. What are river systems?
A ______ and all of its ______ make up a river system.
Parts of a river system
________-curve or bend in a river
Oxbow lake-a meander cutoff from a river
______-where river enters a new body of water
Headwaters-many small streams that come together to form the river (usually in mountains)
_______-broad flat valley through which river flows, usually floods in heavy rains.

11. What are wetlands?
Wetlands are where water becomes trapped in low lying areas and the _________ comes to the surface.
Wetlands help with _____ ______ and provide _________ for many species of animals and plants.
Three types
____________

12. What is groundwater? water found underneath the surface of the Earth.
It moves through pores (spaces) in the soil material. _______—meaning water can move through it and __________—meaning water can’t move through it.
If a layer of soil is filled with water it is called ________ and if it is not full it is ________. A large area of underground water is known as an ________.

13. Groundwater Picture
Refer to picture on page 83 in your textbook.