2. Digestive System
Unit VIII

3. General Info Phases: Chemical Digestion Types: Mechanical
Extracellular
Intracellular
Phases:
Mechanical
Chemical
Poly-Tri-Di-Mono

4. All organs and related structures, in order.
The Digestive Tract
All organs and related structures, in order.

5. Oral Cavity
Sensitive:
pressure, pain, temp
Palates:
Top
Soft & Hard

6. Tongue Bottom Initiates swallowing Positions food
Contains nerve endings

7. Oral Cavity Cont. Taste buds: Solution to taste
Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter
Teeth: (32)
Tearing & Chewing
Tonsils

8. Salivary Glands
3 Pair:
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

9. Gland Info pH 6.7 950 - 1450 ml/24 hrs 99% water, 1% amylase ANS
Lubricates food

10. Pharynx
3 Divisions:
Naso
Oro
Laryngeal*
Uvula

11. Laryngeal Pharynx
Esophagus*
Trachea:
Glottis
Epiglottis
Larynx

12. Esophagus Behind trachea 8 - 10 inches long 2 muscle layers:
Circular - inside
Longitudinal - outside

13. Esophagus Cont. Mucous membrane lining: Lubricates Protects
Peristalsis:
Peristalic wave

14. Stomach
Abdominal cavity (left)
3 Divisions:
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

15. Muscle Layers Three layers: Longitudinal (outside) Circular (middle)
Oblique (inside)

16. Sphincters
Valve openings
Two:
Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter

17. Special Tissues
Peritoneum
Mesentery: 2
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum

18. General Info 950-1400ml Major function-Mechanical
Gastric mucosa lining:
Rugae
Gastric glands*

19. Gastric Glands 35 million in adult Composed of 3 types of cells:
Parietal=> HCl
Chief=> enzymes
Mucus=> mucus

20. Gastric Glands Cont.
Gastric juice
Gastrin

21. Parietal Cells pH 1-3, Dil 6 Destroys bacteria Dissolves salts
Curdles milk

22. Parietal Cells Cont. Activates enzymes Distroys enzymes
Breaksdown connective tissue
Breaksdown protein
“Perforated Ulcer”

23. Mucus Cells
Produce mucin
Protects mucosal lining

24. Chief Cells Coenzyme Pepsinogen (HCl) => Protease (protein)
Prorennin => Rennin (protein)(curdles milk)
Gastric lipase (fats)

25. Digestion Time Requirement
Proteins 3-4 hours
Carbo’s hours

26. Small Intestine Most digestion-absorption Accessory organs: Liver
Pancreas

27. General Info
Enzymes from lining
1” Dia
20-21 ft long
Three Divisions*

28. Divisions
Duodenum 10 inches
Jejunum feet
Ileum feet

29. Muscles Layers
Two layers:
Longitudinal (outside)
Circular (inside)

30. Villi 600X Enzymes: Peptidase, Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase, Lipase
Lacteal

31. Liver Largest gland 3 pounds Upper right-abdominal cavity 3 lobes
Produces bile*

32. Bile Composition: Bile salts (soaps)(Emulsion)(activates lipase)
Unusable hemoglobin
Bile pigment
Cholesterol (gall stones)

33. Liver-Bile Cont.
Hepatic duct
Gall bladder
“Common bile duct”

34. Pancreas
Dual Gland
Exocrine Gland
Endocrine Gland

35. Exocrine Gland pH 7.5-8 Enzymes:* Trypsinogen, Amylase, Lipase
Pancreatic juice

36. Enzymes
Catalyst
Specific
Affected by:
Temperature ph

37. Endocrine Gland “Insulin” Metabolism “Diabetes” Pancreatic duct
Common bile duct

38. Large Intestine
Colon
Three divisions:
Ascending
Transverse
Descending

39. Colon Cont. 2.5” Dia 5-6 ft long Two functions:
Water & Electrolyte reabsorption
Solid waste storage

40. Colon Cont.
Cecum
Appendix
Ileocecal sphincter
Sigmoid
Rectum

41. Lipid Digestion Enzyme Action Place Gland Hydrolysis Stomach None None
Bile*
Liver
Emulsification
Sml Int
Pancreas
Sml Int
Lipase
Lipids
Glycerol +
Fatty Acids

42. Protein Digestion Place Gland Enzyme Action Stomach Gastric Sml Int
Pepsinogen(HCl)
Protease
Polypeptides
Dipeptides
Stomach
Gastric
Sml Int
Pancreas
Trypsinogen(HCl)
Trypsin
Dipeptides
Monopeptides
Int Lining
(Villi)
Peptidase
Sml Int
Monopeptides
Amino Acids

43. Carbo’s Digestion Place Gland Enzyme Action Salivary Amylase Mouth
Polysaccharides
Disaccharide's
Salivary
Amylase
Mouth
Destroys Amylase
15-30 Min.
Stomach
None
“HCl”*
Sml Int
Pancreas
Polysaccharides
Disaccharide's
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase
Disaccharide's
Monosaccharide's
Int Lining
Villi
Sml Int

44. The End!!!!!!
Thank You