1. Trees or waves?

2. Why are there accents and dialects?

3. 1.Trees

4. 1.Trees

6. 1.Trees

7. 1.Trees
1bruð0r
1bruð0
1bruð0r

8. Condition: im what circumstances Process: what happens r becomes zero
slash
Condition:
im what circumstances
Process:
what happens
The underline
shows the position
of the process
r becomes zero
(r disappears)
in front of a consonant
or end of word

9. “r disappears when it is followed by a consonant or comes at the end of the word”

10. 1.Trees
1bruð0r

11. 1.Trees
1bruð0r
FOOT-STRUT
Split
1buT0
1brÆð0
1buT0r
1brÆð0r

12. The tree diagram fails to explain why the FOOT-STRUT Split should occur in BOTH dialects after they had split from each other!!

13. ISOGLOSS a +a +b +a -b -a +b b -a -b Recap:
They split the area into 4 different language varieties.

14. Recap:

15. Recap:

16. Recap:

17. 1.Trees
2. Waves
.... the spread of innovations ...

19. Innovations
Where they occur
Why they occur
How they spread

20. Innovations Where they occur - anywhere.
Possibly more likely in times/places of greater social change

21. Innovations
Why they occur
random?
reaction?
drift?

22. Innovations How they spread prestige population movements
identity of the group
the grass is greener
population movements

23. Innovations Unconscious and conscious or explicit innovations
"He drops his h's"
"She rolls her r's"
"Going up at the end of a sentence"
Innovations can be conscious but not explicit: "An Australian accent" ....

25. Linguistic areas
Sprachbund -bünde

26. Linguistic areas
Sprachbund -bünde