1. Building Management System − 1
Created by: David Chadderton
19 February 2019

2. User Interface at a PC
BMS control engineers carry out most of their work at the PC and on portable laptops alongside the field control panels
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10. BMS System Configuration
RS232 data cable for PC to interface
BMS front end server. This stores sensor and plant status data for display and chart reports
Network interface
19 February 2019

11. BMS System Configuration
RS232 data cable for PC to interface
Network interface
Internet communications
BMS front end server. This stores sensor and plant status data for display and chart reports
Fibre-optic local area network, LAN,
TCP/IP communication protocol
19 February 2019

12. BMS System Configuration
RS232 data cable for PC to interface
Network interface
Internet communications
BMS front end server. This stores sensor and plant status data for display and chart reports
Fibre-optic local area network, LAN, TCP/IP communication protocol
Field control panels, PCBs with user interface panel
19 February 2019

13. BMS System Configuration
RS232 data cable for PC to interface
Network interface
Internet communications
BMS front end server. This stores sensor and plant status data for display and chart reports
Fibre-optic local area network, LAN, TCP/IP communication protocol
Field control panels, PCBs with user interface panel
19 February 2019

14. BMS System Configuration
RS232 data cable for PC to interface
Network interface
Internet communications
BMS front end server. This stores sensor and plant status data for display and chart reports
Fibre-optic local area network, LAN, TCP/IP communication protocol
Field control panels, PCBs with user interface panel
Air conditioning fan
Air temperature sensor
0−10 volt, 20 milliampere DC control signal cables
EWIS
Hot or chilled water motorised valve
Refrigeration compressor
19 February 2019

15. BMS System Configuration
RS232 data cable for PC to interface
Network interface
Internet communications
BMS front end server. This stores sensor and plant status data for display and chart reports
Fibre-optic local area network, LAN, TCP/IP communication protocol
Field control panels, PCBs with user interface panel
Air conditioning fan
Control panel in a remote building
Control programming is downloaded via an RS484 from a laptop, into each field controller. This is where the programs reside
Air temperature sensor
0−10 volt, 20 milliampere DC control signal cables
EWIS
Hot or chilled water motorised valve
Refrigeration compressor
19 February 2019

16. Communications Network
RS485 copper cable
RS232 copper cable
Fibre-optic cables
Ethernet data communications
TCP/IP internet protocol communications
Server polls each device address point on the network at regular intervals, e.g. 5 seconds, to refresh input data, plant status and command changes
Points given names such as BLR1_flowtemp
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17. User accesses: Zone air and water temperatures Plant status
Alarm faults
Energy use
Graphs and reports
Mimic diagrams
Schedules
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18. Screen displays provide:
Mimic drawings of building
Architectural floor plans
Plant schematics:
Chilled water system, CHW
Heating water system, HHW
Handling units, AHUs
Domestic hot water system, DHW
Electrical power schematic, switchboards
Lighting control schematics
Emergency generator system
Lift system
Zone air temperature sensor locations
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19. Stage 1 Low load Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Chiller stage table
This is the programmed operation schedule for major energy-using plant such as water chillers, water heaters, pumps and cooling towers. The object of the operating schedule is to minimise energy consumption. A chiller may have more than one refrigeration compressor
Stage 1
Low load
Night-time
Stage 2
25% load
Most of year Base load
Stage 3
50% load
Mild weather, 18oC
Stage 4
75% load
Most of summer
Stage 5
100% load
Peak demand,
5 days/year
Chiller 1
Compressor 1
Comp 1 & 2
Chiller 2
Comp 1
Chiller 3
Comp 1, 2 & 3
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20. What does a BMS cost?
A BMS point is, e.g., a motorised valve or a chiller. The plant has two BMS points, one to input a control signal (on/off), the second to read the plant status (motor current amps to prove running operation)
Each BMS point costs £250, or so, to the customer. This includes all costs apportioned to the point, PC, programming, etc.
A public hospital will have at least 500 BMS points, the BMS will cost at least £125,000, and more likely above £500,000
A university campus will have at least 1,000 points: cost range from £250,000 to £2,000,000
A major CBD commercial building with full HVAC and security BMS in a landmark multi-storey: £4,000,000+
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21. Who uses the BMS?
One person can manage the HVAC and security systems for a major building, multi-storey, CBD, from a BMS server. Labour-saving technology
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22. Primary users of the BMS are:
HVAC building (supervisory) engineer
Electrical (supervisory) engineer
Building manager (runs the technical services) 1
Plant technicians
Service contractors’ technicians
BMS company service technician
(servicing, upgrades and fault call-outs)
Energy manager
Potential total
In reality, there are 1−3 users in a public hospital site and similar commercial buildings
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23. Secondary users of the BMS are: Energy auditor (every 3−5 years)
Consulting engineer (major upgrade works)
Mechanical service contractor (faults on plant)
Electrical service contractor (fault reports)
In reality, secondary users rarely sit at the workstation
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24. BMS Security System
The same BMS server also handles the building’s security system
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25. BMS Security
Electronic Access Control Systems − Electronic access control systems moderate the flow of people and vehicles in and out of secured areas. Typical access control applications include a reader at the secured door, a door locking mechanism and a door status indicator
Intrusion Detection Systems − These systems are used to detect unauthorised entry into a secured space. A variety of intrusion sensors are available to detect different methods of gaining access to a secured space. These would include: glass breaking, motion detection, door sensors and others. Motion sensors may switch lighting and possibly air conditioning units, to save energy
Intrusion systems report the status of sensors back to a central monitoring point via a variety of communication methods
19 February 2019

26. BMS Security
Closed Circuit Surveillance Systems − These view and record activity from remote locations. Typical components consist of digital or video cameras, screen monitors, multiplexers, switchers, disk data storage, sound recorders, video tapes and cable transmission systems
Emergency Warning Intercom Systems, EWIS − Intercom systems communicate from distant locations to a central control centre. For example, if someone is attempting to gain access to a secured area without access control, or if access control is present and the card is lost or forgotten, the individual could activate the intercom system to the central control centre to request entry. Intercom systems provide two-way communications between the control and remote stations. Intercom can also provide digital or video imaging if required. Used during emergency evacuation of buildings
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27. BMS Security
ID Badging Systems – ID badging systems are typically part of the access control system, but could be stand-alone as well. Badging systems allow the user to capture a video image of an individual, store the image and print the image to an ID or access card
Fibre-Optic Security Networks – Fibre-optic technology is used to transmit information using pulses of light. Instead of electrical signals, modulated light is used to quickly transmit data over distances through an insulated glass fibre type material
Asset Tracking – Electronic tags, e-tags, attached to an asset (a motor vehicle for toll collection, portable X-ray machine in a hospital, a person) can identify location and track movements. Radio transmissions between e-tag and fixed sensors record passage and facilitate locating
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28. BMS Security
Smart Cards – Magnetic cards with a microchip for access control cards having significant data storage
Networked Security Applications (LAN/WAN) – Security systems for access control, intrusion detection and video, communicate through Local Area Networks, LAN, and Wide Area Networks, WAN. Internet protocol, TCP/IP, is used for communication. These are ethernet systems. Copper cable or fibre-optic cables are used depending upon system size and cable lengths needed
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29. End
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